Abstract
The literature on the speciation of metal ions in biological fluids is comprehensively reviewed. Critical examination on this subject reveals that major work has been done in blood and urine. Speciation in materials like milk has not yet been widely studied. On the other hand, only few references could be found on sweat, saliva, cell lysate, cerebrospinal, seminal, tear and bronchoalveolar fluids. The topics studied for these fluids were mainly the speciation of arsenic, mercury, aluminium and selenium. Work on the speciation of other elements like zinc, chromium, cadmium, lead, copper, iron etc. have also been carried out in such matrices. The present literature survey includes also a critical comment about the sampling and storage of the fluids, general methodologies and analytical details of the developed methods for studying such metal ion speciation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
I. S. Krull (ed.),Journal of Chromatography Library, Vol. 47, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1991.
R. Cornells, J. Dekimpe,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1994,9, 945.
A. K. Das, R. Chakraborty, M. L. Cervera, M. de la Guardia,Talanta 1995,42, 1007.
R. Cornells, F. Borguet, J. Dekimpe,Anal. Chim. Acta. 1993,283, 183.
L. Dunemann,Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1992,342, 802.
P. E. Gardiner,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1988,3, 163.
P. E. Gardiner,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1993,345, 287.
D. Behne,Analyst 1992,117, 555.
J. C. Van Loon, R. R. Barefoot,Analyst 1992,117, 563.
H. J. Robberecht, H. A. Deelstra,Talanta 1984,31, 497.
N. Violante, G. Carelli, S. Caroli,Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita,1989,25, 499.
N. P. Vela, L. K. Olson, J. A. Caruso,Anal. Chem. 1993,65, 585A.
J. B. Dawson,Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 1986,324, 463.
D. Behne,J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 1981,19, 115.
J. R. W. Woittiez, H. T. Wolterbeek, G. J. van den Berg, O. M. Steinebach,6th International Workshop on Trace Element Analytical Chemistry in Medicine and Biology, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany, April 24–26, 1991.
M. Horvat, A. R. Byrne,Analyst 1992,117, 665.
M. H. Kroll, R. Chester, R. J. Elin,Clin. Chem. 1989,35, 1523.
N. W. Alcock,Anal. Chem. 1993,65, 463A.
M. de la Guardia, in:Element Speciation in Bioinorganic Chemistry (S. Caroli, ed.), Wiley, New York, 1995.
M. L. Lee, K. E. Markides,Analytical Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Extraction, Chromatography Conferences, Provo, UT, 1990.
W. Lund,Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1990,337, 557.
F. J. Fernández,At. Abs. Newslett. 1977,16, 33.
L. Ebdon, S. J. Hill, R. W. Ward,Analyst 1986,111, 1113.
Y. K. Chau, P. T. S. Wong, in:Trace Element Speciation: Analytical Methods And Problems (G. E. Batley, ed.), CRC, Boca Raton, FL, 1989, pp. 219–244.
L. Ebdon, S. Hill, R. W. Ward,Analyst 1987,112, 1.
K. J. Irgolic,Sci. Tot. Environ. 1987,64, 61.
L. Ebdon, S. Hill, A. P. Walton, R. W. Ward,Analyst 1988,113, 1159.
D. R. Jones IV, S. E. Managhan,Anal Chem. 1976,48, 1887.
G. E. Parris, W. R. Blair, F. E. Brinckman,Anal. Chem. 1977,49, 378.
L. Ebdon, R. W. Ward, D. A. Leathard,Analyst 1982,107, 129.
G. M. Momplaisir, J.-S. Biais, M. Quinteiro, W. D. Marshall,J. Agric. Food Chem. 1991,39, 1448.
R. Muñoz Olivas, O. F. X. Donard, C. Cámara, P. Quevauviller,Anal. Chim. Acta 1994,286, 357.
J. Gui-Bin, N. Zhe-Ming, W. Shun-Rong, H. Heng-Bin,Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 1989,334, 27.
W. De Jonghe, D. Chakraborti, F. Adams,Anal. Chim. Acta 1980,115, 89.
A. Astruc, R. Lavigne, V. Desauziers, R. Pinel, M. Astruc,Appl. Organomet. Chem. 1989,3, 267.
G. F. Van Landeghem, P. C. D'Haese, L. V. Lamberts, M. E. De Broe,Anal. Chem. 1994,66, 216.
M. Morita, T. Uehiro, K. Fuwa,Anal. Chem. 1980,52, 351.
I. S. Krull, S. Jordan,Am. Lab. 1980,12, 21.
D. W. Hausler, L. T. Taylor,Anal. Chem. 1981,53, 1223.
D. O. Duebelbeis, S. Kapila, D. E. Yates, S. E. Manahan,J. Chromatogr. 1986,351, 465.
R. Lobiński, F. C. Adams,Trends Anal. Chem. 1993,12, 41.
B. Michalke, P. Schramel,J. Trace Elem. Electrolytes Health Dis. 1990,4, 163.
R. Cornelis,Analyst 1992,117, 583.
I. Pais, in:Environmental Sampling for Trace Analysis (B. Market, ed.), VCH, Weinheim, 1994, p. 76.
R. B. Martin, in:Aluminium in Biology and Medicine, Ciba Found. Symp. 169, Wiley, 1992, p. 5.
J. Růžička, E. H. Hansen,Anal. Chim. Acta 1975,78, 145.
P. E. Gardiner, M. Stoeppler, H. W. Nürnberg, in:Trace Elem. Anal. Chem. Med. Biol. (P. Brätter, P. Schramel, eds.), de Gruyter, Berlin, 1984, p. 299.
H. Keirsse, J. Smeyers-Verbeke, D. Verbeelen, D. L. Massart,Anal Chim. Acta 1987,196, 103.
E. Blanco González, J. Pérez Parajón, J. I. Garcia Alonso, A. Sanz-Medel,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1989,4, 175.
A. Sanz-Medel, B. Fairman,Mikrochim. Acta 1992,109, 157.
L.-O. Öhman, R. B. Martin,Clin. Chem. 1994,40, 598.
K. Wróbel, E. Blanco González, A. Sanz-Medel,Trace Elem. M ed. 1993,10, 97.
K. Wróbel, E. Blanco González, A. Sanz-Medel,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1994,9, 281.
L. Magos,Analyst 1971,96, 847.
U. Ebbestad, N. Gundersen, T. Torgrimsen,At. Abs. Newsl. 1975,14, 142.
K. Mitani,Eisei Kagaku 1976,22, 65.
J. P. Farant, D. Brissett, L. Moncion, L. Bigras, A. Chatrand,J. Anal. Toxicol. 1981,5, 47.
J. C. Gage, J. M. Warren,Ann. Occup. Hyg. 1970,13, 115.
P. Coyle, T. Hartley,Anal. Chem. 1981,53, 354.
B. Lind, R. Body, L. Friberg,Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1993,345, 314.
M. Filippelli,Anal. Chem. 1987,59, 116.
E. Bulska, H. Emteborg, D. C. Baxter, W. Frech, D. Ellingsen, Y. Thomassen,Analyst 1992,117, 657.
H. W. Lakin, E. L. Kothny, in:Trace Elements in the Environment (E. L. Kothny, ed.), American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1973, p. 86.
J. T. Rotruck, A. L. Pope, H. E. Gauther, A. B. Swanson, D. G. Hafeman, W. G. Hoekstra,Science 1973,779, 588.
C. I. Measures, J. D. Burton,Nature 1978,273, 293.
X. Dauchy, M. Potin-Gautier, A. Astruc, M. Astruc,Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1994,348, 792.
P. Brätter, B. Gercken, A. Tomiak, U. Rösick, in:Trace Elem. Anal. Chem. Med. Biol. (P. Brätter, P. Schramel, eds.), de Gruyter, Berlin, 1988, p. 119.
A. J. Barak, S. C. Swanberg,J. Chromatogr. 1967,31, 282.
K. Kurahaschi, S. Inque, K. Toêi, Y. Shimoishi,Analyst 1980,105, 690.
A. J. Blotcky, A. Ebrahim, E. P. Rack,Anal. Chem. 1988,60, 2734.
R. M. Harrison, S. Rapsomanikis (eds.),Environmental Analysis using Chromatography Interfaced with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Ellis Horwood, Chichester, England, 1989.
B. Wallaeys, R. Cornelis, L. Mees, N. Lameire,Kidney Int. 1986,30, 599.
G. Devoto,Boll. Soc. Ital. Biol. Spec. 1968,44, 1251.
I. T. Urasa, S. H. Nam,J. Chromatogr. Sci. 1989,727, 30.
S. De Flora, K. E. Wetterhahn,Life Chemistry Reports, Vol. 7, Harwood, London, 1989, p. 169.
R. Cornelis, F. Borguet, S. Dyg, B. Grieprink,Mikrochim. Acta. 1992,109, 145.
B. Wallaeys, R. Cornelis, F. Belpaire, N. Lameire, in:Trace Elem. Anal. Chem. Med. Biol. (P. Brätter, P. Schramel, eds.), de Gruyter, Berlin, 1987, p. 451.
F. Borguet, R. Cornelis, J. Delanghe, M. C. Lambert, N. Lameire,Clin. Chim. Acta 1995, in press.
B. S. Chana, N. J. Smith,Anal. Chim. Acta 1987,197, 177.
P. Weigert, A. Sappl,Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. 1983,316, 306.
K. Dix, C. J. Cappon, T. Y. Toribara,J. Chromatogr. Sci. 1987,25, 164.
H. Faure, A. Favier, M. Tripier, J. Arnaud,Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 1990,24, 25.
P. E. Gardiner, J. M. Ottaway, G. S. Fell, R. R. Burns,Anal. Chim. Acta 1981,124, 281.
P. E. Gardiner, J. M. Ottaway,Anal. Chim. Acta 1981,124, 281.
J. Schöppenthau, L. Dunemann,Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1994,349, 794.
M. Takayanagi, T. Yashiro,J. Chromatogr. 1986,374, 378.
O. Nygren, C.-A. Nilsson,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1987,2, 805.
S. J. Bannister, Y. Chang, L. A. Sternson, A. J. Repta,Clin. Chem. 1978,24, 877.
M. Pinta, D. Barson, C. Riandey, W. Ghidalia,Spectrochim. Acta 1978,33B, 489.
W. A. DeWaal, F. J. M. J. Maessen, J. C. Kraak,J. Chromatogr. 1987,407, 253.
C. Dominici, A. Alimonti, S. Caroli, F. Petrucci, M. A. Castello,Clin. Chem. Acta 1986,158, 207.
J. M. Pérez Parajón, A. Sanz-Medel,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1994,9, 111.
S. C. K. Shum, R. S. Houk,Anal. Chem. 1993,65, 2972.
E. H. Larsen, G. Pritzl, S. H. Hansen,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1993,8, 557.
J. P. Buchet, R. Lauwerys, H. Roels,Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 1981,48, 71.
A. W. Fitchett, E. H. Daughtrey Jr., P. Mushak,Anal. Chim. Acta 1975,79, 93.
R. Lauwerys, J. P. Buchet, H. Roels,Arch. Toxicol. 1979,41, 239.
J. P. Buchet, R. Lauwerys, H. Roels,Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health 1980,46, 11.
M. Buratti, G. Calzaferri, G. Caravelli, A. Colombi, M. Morani, V. Foa,Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1984,17, 25.
G. M. Momplaisir, J.-S. Biais, M. Quinteiro, W. D. Marshall,J. Agric. Food Chem. 1991,39, 1448.
O. Jimenez de Blas, S. V. Gonzalez, R. S. Rodriguez, J. H. Memdez,J. AOAC Int. 1994,77, 441.
X.-C. Le, W. R. Cullen, K. J. Reimer,Talanta 1994,41, 495.
X.-C. Le, W. R. Cullen, K. J. Reimer,Anal. Chim. Acta 1994,285, 277.
G. K. C. Low, G. E. Batley, S. J. Buchanan,Chromatographia 1986,22, 292.
G. K. C. Low, G. E. Batley, S. J. Buchanan,Anal. Chim. Acta. 1987,197, 327.
D. Heitkemper, J. Creed, J. Caruso, F. L. Fricke,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1989,4, 279.
B. S. Sheppard, J. A. Caruso, D. T. Heitkemper, K. A. Wolnik,Analyst 1992,117, 971.
I. S. Palmer, R. P. Gunsalus, A. W. Halverson, O. E. Olson,Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1969,177, 336.
K.-I. Tsunoda, K. Fuwa, in:Toxicology of Metals: Clinical and Experimental Research (S. S. Brown, Y. Kodama, eds.), Ellis Horwood, Chichester, England, 1987, p. 175.
P. Fodor, R. M. Barnes,Spectrochim. Acta 1983,38B, 229.
A. J. Blotcky, G. T. Hansen, N. Borkar, A. Ebrahim, E. P. Rack,Anal. Chem. 1987,59, 2063.
A. T. Nahapetian, V. R. Young, M. Janghorbani,Anal. Biochem. 1984,140, 56.
A. J. Blotcky, G. T. Hansen, L. R. Opelanio-Buencamino, E. P. Rack,Anal. Chem. 1985,57, 1937.
X. F. Sun, B. T. G. Ting, M. Janghorbani,Anal. Biochem. 1987,167, 304.
J. S. Blais, A. Huyghues-Despointes, G. M. Momplaisir, W. D. Marshall,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1991,6, 225.
F. Laborda, D. Chakraborti, J. M. Mir, J. R. Castillo,J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 1993,8, 643.
A. Campe, N. Velghe, A. Claeys,At. Abs. Newsl. 1978,17, 100.
C. E. Oda, J. D. Ingle Jr.,Anal. Chem. 1981,53, 2305.
J. W. Robinson, J. C. Wu,Spectrosc. Lett. 1985,18, 47.
M. A. Seckin, S. Aygun, O. Y. Ataman,Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1986,26, 1.
S. C. K. Shum, H. Pang, R. S. Houk,Anal. Chem. 1992,64, 2444.
G. J. Olson, F. E. Brinckman, J. A. Jackson,Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 1983,15, 249.
D. Dyne, B. S. Chana, N. J. Smith, J. Cocker,Anal. Chim. Acta 1991,246, 351.
B. Neidhart, C. Tausch,Mikrochim. Acta 1992,109 137.
P. P. Chang, J. W. Robinson,Spectrosc. Lett. 1993,26, 2017.
J. C. Wu, J. W. Robinson,Spectrosc. Lett. 1986,19, 61.
J. W. M. M. Arts, J. C. M. Hafkenscheid,Clin. Chem. 1984,30, 155.
P. Brätter, B. Gercken, U. Rösick, A. Tomiak, in:Trace Elem. Anal. Chem. Med. Biol. (P. Brätter, P. Schramel, eds.), de Gruyter, Berlin, 1988, p. 145.
L. A. Hanson, F. Jalil, S. R. Kahn, M. Hahn-Zoric, in:Composition and Physiological Properties of Human Milk (J. Schaub, ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1985, p. 297.
G. V. Iyengar,Biol. Trace Elem. Res. 1987,12, 263.
P. Van Dael, H. Deelstra, G. Vlaemynck, R. Van Renterghem, in:Trace Elem. Anal. Chem. Med. Biol. (P. Brätter, P. Schramel, eds.), de Gruyter, Berlin, 1988, p. 136.
P. B. Moser-Veillon, A. R. Mangels, K. Y. Patterson, C. Veillon,Analyst 1992,117, 559.
H. E. Heilmeier, P. Schramel, G. A. Drasch, E. Kretschmer, K. H. Summer, in:Trace Elem. Anal. Chem. Med. and Biol. (P. Brätter, P. Schramel, eds.), de Gruyter, Berlin, 1987, p. 495.
B. Michalke, in:Trace Elem. Anal. Chem. Med. and Biol. (P. Brätter, P. Schramel, eds.), de Gruyter, Berlin, 1993, p. 397.
B. Michalke, D. C. Münch, P. Schramel,Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1992,344, 306.
B. Michalke,Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 1994,350, 2.
J. C. Vidal, R. B. Vinao, J. R. Castillo,Electroanalysis (N.-Y.) 1992,4, 653.
F. Macášek, P. Gerhart,J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., Lett. 1994,186, 9.
F. Macášek, P. Gerhart, A. Malovíková,J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., Lett. 1994,186, 99.
J. G. Parks, R. A. Hussain, N. F. Olivieri, D. M. Templeton,J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1993,122, 36.
H. M. Barbour,Ann. Clin. Biochem. 1991,28, 150.
F. Lagerlof, S. Matsuo,Clin. Chim. Acta 1991,198, 175.
S. Matsushita,J. Chromatogr. 1984,312, 327.
J. M. C. Gutteridge,Clin. Sci. 1992,82, 315.
X. Xue, S. Chen,Fenxi Huaxue 1987,15, 1099.
A. L. Caldini, C. Orlando, T. Barni, G. Messeri, M. Pazzagli, E. Baldi, M. Serio,Clin. Chem. 1986,32, 153.
M. Gavella,Clin. Chem. 1988,34, 1605.
W. Buchberger, G. Rieger,J. Chromatogr. 1989,482, 407.
R. Giordano, S. Costantini, I. Vernillo, M. Rizzica,At. Spectrosc. 1983,4, 157.
F.-M. Matysik, G. Werner,Analyst 1993,118, 1523.
P. Dumortier, P. De-Vuyst, J. C. Yernault,Scanning Microsc. 1989,3, 1207.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Das, A.K., Chakraborty, R., Luisa Cervera, M. et al. Metal speciation in biological fluids — a review. Mikrochim Acta 122, 209–246 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01245784
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01245784