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Kibernetika, Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 40–57, 1967
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Ershov, A.P., Lyapunov, A.A. Formalization of the concept of program. Cybern Syst Anal 3, 35–49 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01071595
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01071595