Abstract
Differences in attitude towards mathematics between boys and girls were evaluated in an empirical study carried out in (west)German secondary schools during 1989 on a group of 748 students aged 14–19. The main focus of the study was to ascertain whether the results from previous studies of the last decade, which reported significant differences between boys' and girls' attitudes to mathematics, were still valid.
This study shows there are still significant gender differences in many areas, such as: interest in mathematics, importance of high attainment in mathematics, willingness to consider entering a career involving mathematics and mathematical activities and themes from the real world which interest the pupils. Despite these still prevailing gender differences, the study nevertheless shows that girls' and boys' views on gender roles and corresponding areas of activities have changed considerably in recent years (note 1).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Armstrong, J.: 1985, ‘A national assessment of participation and achievement of women in mathematics’, in S. Chipman, L. Brush, and D. Wilson (eds.),Women and Mathematics: Balancing the Equation, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp. 59–94.
Becker, J.: 1981, ‘Differential treatment of females and males in mathematics classes’,Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 12, 40–53.
Boswell, S.: 1985, ‘The influence of sex-role stereotyping on women's attitude and achievement in mathematics’, in S. Chipman, L. Brush, and D. Wilson (eds.),Women and Mathematics: Balancing the Equation, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp. 175–198.
Brehmer, I., Küllchen, H., and Sommer, L.: 1989,Mädchen, Macht (und) Mathe, Parlamentarische Staatssekretärin für die Gleichstellung von Frau und Mann, Düsseldorf.
Connor, J. and Serbin, L.: 1985, ‘Visual-spatial skill: Is it important for mathematics? Can it be taught?’, in S. Chipman, L. Brush, and D. Wilson (eds.),Women and Mathematics: Balancing the Equation, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, pp. 151–174.
Eckelt, I.: 1981,Mathematik nix für Frauen?!!, Albatros, Frankfurt.
Eckelt, I. and Effe-Stumpf, G.: 1991,Anregungen für verbesserte Unterrichtsmaterialien, Landesin-stitut für Schule und Weiterbildung, Soest.
Fennema, E.: 1978, ‘Sex-related differences in mathematics achievement: Where and why’, in J. Jacobs (ed.),Perspectives on Women and Mathematics, Ohio State University/ERIC, Columbus, pp. 1–20.
Fennema, E.: 1990, ‘Teachers' beliefs and gender differences in mathematics’, in E. Fennema and G. Leder (eds.),Mathematics and Gender, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, pp. 169–187.
Fennema, E. et al.: 1990, ‘Teachers' attributions and beliefs about girls, boys, and mathematics’,Educational Studies in Mathematics 21, 55–69.
Guilbert, C.: 1986, ‘L'influence familiale dans le choix d'une carri ère non traditionelle chez les filles’, in L. Lafortune (ed.),Femmes et Mathématique, Les Editions du Remue-Ménage, Montreal, pp. 165–194.
Gwizdala, J. and Steinback, M.: 1990, ‘High school females' mathematics attitudes: An interim report’,School Science and Mathematics 90, 215–222.
Hanna, G.: 1989, ‘Mathematics achievement of girls and boys in grade eight: Results from twenty countries’,Educational Studies in Mathematics 20, 225–232.
Hanna, G., Kündiger, E., and Larouche, C.: 1991, ‘Mathematical achievement of grade 12 girls in fifteen countries’, in L. Burton (ed.),Gender and Mathematics — An International Perspective, Cassell, Strand, pp. 87–97.
Hyde, J. S., Fennema, E., and Lamon, S. J.: 1990, ‘Gender differences in mathematics performance: A meta-analysis’,Psychological Bulletin 107, 139–155.
Joffe, L. and Foxman, D.: 1986, ‘Attitudes and sex differences — Some APU findings’, in L. Burton (ed.),Girls into Maths Can Go, Holt Educational, London, pp. 38–50.
Jungwirth, H.: 1991, ‘Interaction and gender — findings of a microethnographical approach to classroom discourse’,Educational Studies in Mathematics 22, 263–284.
McLean, M.: 1990,Britain and a Single Market Europe. Prospects for a Common School Curriculum, Kogan Page, London.
Lafortune, L.: 1989, ‘Attitudes, différences et enseignement des mat ématiques, in L. Lafortune (ed.),Quelle Différences?, Les Editions du Remue-Ménage, Montreal, pp. 151–158.
Leder, G.: 1987, ‘Teacher student interaction: A case study’,Educational Studies in Mathematics,18, 255–273.
Leder, G.: 1990, ‘Teacher/student interactions in the mathematics classroom: A different perspective’, in E. Fennema and G. Leder (eds.),Mathematics and Gender, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, pp. 149–168.
Sarges, H.: 1983, ‘Frau und Mathematik — Mädchen und Mathematikunterricht’, in L. Pusch (ed.),Feminismus — Inspektion der Herrenkultur, Suhrkamp, Frankfurt, pp. 340–366.
Schildkamp-Kündiger, E.: 1974,Frauenrolle und Mathematikleistung, Schwann, Düsseldorf.
Schneeberger, A. and Stagel, W.: 1988,Mathematik in der höheren Schule in geschlechtsspezifischer Analyse, Institut für Bildungsforschung der Wirtschaft, Wien.
Tobias, S: 1978,Overcoming Math Anxiety, Norton, New York.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kaiser-Messmer, G. Results of an empirical study into gender differences in attitudes towards mathematics. Educ Stud Math 25, 209–233 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01273862
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01273862