Abstract
The ‘inverted’ retina of the human eye can beemulated by multilayer gratings from polymer latexparticles located in the image plane of opticalsystems. This so called OPTO-RETINA provides v. Laueinterference patterns in visible light with atrichromatic characteristic containing,simultaneously, local spatiotemporal direction anddistance information, which are relevant to 3Dspatial vision and 4D spatiotemporal Fouriercorrelator-optical preprocessing in shape andmotion analysis.As a first step in the realization of OPTO-RETINAproperties the formation of hexagonally orderedmonolayers of polystyrene latex sphereswith diameters in the~μm range is reported and firstresults of diffraction and dispersion of white lightby these layers obtained by conoscopical opticalmicroscopy are presented.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Carbon, M.: Using diffraction theory of human vision for design of colour vision devices, SPIE Proceedings, Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision 13(1994), 550–560.
DeValois, K.K., DeValois, R.L. and Yund, E.W.: Responses of striate cortex cells to grating and checkerboard patterns, J. Physiol. 291(1979), 483–505.
Hopfield, J.J.: Pattern recognition computation using action potential timing for stimulus representation, Nature 376(1995), 33–36.
Lauinger, N.: 3D grating optics of human vision, Acta Ophthalmologica, Suppl. 69(1991), 199.
Lauinger, N.: The two axes of the human eye and inversion of the retinal layers: the basis for the interpretation of the retina as a phase grating optical, cellular 3D chip, J. Biol. Physics 19(1994), 243–257.
Lauinger, N.:A new interpretation of the Stiles–Crawford effects in human vision, J. Biol. Physics 19(1994), 167–188.
Lauinger, N.: The relationship between brightness, hue and saturation when the inverted human retina is interpreted as a cellular diffractive 3D chip, SPIE Proceedings, Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision 14(1995), 208–232.
Lauinger, N.: The inverted retina of the human eye: a trichromatic 4D space-time optical correlator, SPIE Proceedings, Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision 15(1996, in press).
Schultze, M.: Zur Anatomie und Physiologie der Retina, Archiv für mikroskopische Anatomie 2(1866), 174–286.
Dosho, S., Ise, N., Ito, K., Iwai, S., Kitano, H., Matsuoka, H., Nakamura, H., Okumura, H., Ono, T., Sogami, I.S., Ueno, Y., Yoshida, H. and Yoshiyama, T.: Recent study of polymer latex dispersions, Langmuir 9(1993), 394–411.
Pusey, P.N. and van Megen, W., Barlett, P., Ackerson, B.J., Rarity, J.G. and Underwood, S.M.: Structure of crystals of hard colloidal spheres, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63(1989), 2753–2756.
Nagayama, K.: Two-dimensional self assembly of colloids in thin liquid films, Colloids and Surfaces A109(1996), 363–374.
Denkov, N.D., Velev, O.D., Kralchevsky, P.A., Ivanov, I.B., Yoshimura, H. and Nagayama, K.: Mechanism of formation of two-dimensional crystals from latex particles on substrates, Langmuir 8(1992), 3181–3190.
Lasarov, G.S., Denkov, N.D., Velev, O.D., Kralchevsky, P.A. and Nagayama, K.: Formation of two-dimensional structures from colloidal particles on flurinated oil substrate, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 90(1994), 2077–2083.
Dimitrov, A.S. and Nagayama, K.: Continuous convective assembling of fine particles into two-dimensional arrays on solid surfaces, Langmuir 12(1996), 1303–1311.
Alfrey Jr., T., Bradford, E.B., Vanderhoff, J.W. and Oster, G.: Optical properties of uniform particle-size latexes, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 44(1954), 603–609.
Ghirandella, H.: Appl. Opt. 30(1991), 3492.
Hayashi, S., Kumamoto, Y., Suzuki, T. and Hirai, T.: Imaging by polystyrene latex particles, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 144(1991), 538–547.
Wei Hu, Hongqiang Li, Bingying Cheng, Junhui Yang, Zhaolin Li, Jiren Xu and Daozhong Zhang: Planar optical lattice of TiO2 particles, Optics Letters 20(1995), 964–966.
Deckmann, H.W. and Dunsmir, J.H.: Natural lithography, Appl. Phys. Lett. 41(1982), 377–379.
Goodwin, J.W., Hearn, J., Ho, C.-C. and Ottewill, R.H.: Studies on the preparation and characterisation of monodisperse polystyrene latices, Colloid Polym. Sci. 52(1974), 464–471.
Goodwin, J.W., Ottewill, R.H. and Parentich, A.: Optical examination of structured colloidal dispersions, J. Phys. Chem. 84(1980), 1580–1586.
Van Winkle, D.H. and Murray, C.A.: Layering transitions in colloidal crystals as observed by diffraction and direct-lattice imaging, Phys. Rev. A34(1986), 562–573.
Burns, M.M., Fournier, J.-M. and Golovchenko, A.: Optical matter: crystallization and binding in intense optical fields, Science 9(1990), 749–754.
Dushkin, C.D., Nagayama, K., Miwa, T. and Kralchewsky, P.A.: Coloured multilayers from transparent submicrometer spheres, Langmuir 9(1993), 3695–3701.
Born, M. and Wolf, E.: Principles of Optics, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1980.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
LAUINGER, N., PINNOW, M. & GÖRNITZ, E. Phase Grating from Ordered Polymer Lattices for Optica Image Preprocessing. Journal of Biological Physics 23, 73–88 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004932705351
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004932705351