Abstract
Fossil Trichoptera (caddisfly) remains have been identified and quantitatively recorded in the late-glacial and early-Holocene sediments from Kråkenes Lake, western Norway. The sediment sequence was deposited between 12,300 and 8850 14C BP, covering the Allerød, Younger Dryas, and early-Holocene periods. The first Trichoptera were recorded at 12,000 14C BP, and during the Allerod a diverse assemblage of Limnephilidae taxa developed in the lake. By about 11,400 14C BP the relatively thermophilous Polycentropus flavomaculatus and Limnephilus rhombicus were present, suggesting that the summer water temperature was at least 17 °C. This temperature fell by 5-8 °C at the start of the Younger Dryas, and the thermophilous taxa were replaced within 20-40 14C yrs by Apatania spp., including the arctic-alpine A. zonella, suggesting a maximum summer water temperature of 10-12 °C. The Trichoptera assemblage was impoverished in numbers and in diversity over the next 200 yrs as the severe conditions of the Younger Dryas developed. As soon as temperatures rose and glacial meltwater and silt input ended about 700 14C yrs later, the resident Apatania assemblage expanded immediately, within 10 yrs. About 130 yrs later, thermophilous taxa replaced Apatania, and a much more diverse assemblage than in the Allerod occupied the varied habitats made available by the development of the Holocene lake ecosystem. The 130 yr delay may have been caused by a gradual temperature increase crossing a critical threshold, or by the time taken for thermophilous taxa to migrate from their Younger Dryas refugia.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andersen, T., 1979. Trichoptera. Fauna of Hardangervidda 13: 1–18. Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.
Alm, T. & E. Willassen, 1993. Late Weichselian Chironomidae (Diptera) stratigraphy of Lake Nedre Æråsvatn, Andøya, Northern Norway. Hydrobiologia 264: 21–32.
Birks, H. H., 1994. Late-glacial vegetational ecotones and climatic patterns in Western Norway. Veg. Hist. Archaeobot. 3: 107–119.
Birks, H. H., 2000. Aquatic macrophyte vegetation development in Kråkenes lake, western Norway during the late-glacial and early-Holocene. J. Paleolim. 23: 7–19.
Birks, H. H., R. W. Battarbee, D. J. Beerling, H. J. B. Birks, S. J. Brooks, C. A. Duigan, S. Gulliksen, H. Haflidason, F. Hauge, V. J. Jones, B. Jonsgard, M. Kårevik, E. Larsen, G. Lemdahl, R. Løvlie, J. Mangerud, S. M. Peglar, G. Possnert, J. P. Smol, J. O. Solem, I. Solhøy, T. Solhøy, E. Sønstegaard & H. E. Wright, 1996. The Kråkenes Late-glacial Palaeoenvironmental Project. J. Paleolim. 15: 281–286.
Birks, H. H., R. W. Battarbee & H. J. B. Birks, 2000. The development of the aquatic ecosystem at Kråkenes Lake, western Norway, during the late-glacial and early-Holocene — a synthesis. J. Paleolim. 23: 91–114.
Birks, H. H., G. Lemdahl, J. I. Svendsen & J. Y. Landvik, 1993. Palaeoecology of a late Allerød peat bed at Godøy, western Norway. J. Quat. Sci. 8: 147–159.
Birks, H. H. & H. E. Wright, 2000. Introduction to the reconstruction of the late-glacial and early-Holocene aquatic ecosystems at Kråkenes Lake, Norway. J. Paleolim. 23: 1–5.
Botosaneanu, L. & H. Malicky, 1978. Trichoptera. In Illies, J. (ed.), LimnofaunaEuropaea. G. Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart: 333–359.
Det Norske Meteorologiske Institutt, 1997. Klimatologisk hurtigoversikt, Oslo.
Elias, S. A. & B. Wilkinson, 1983. Late-glacial insect fossil assemblages from Lobsigensee (Swiss Plateau). Studies in the late Quaternary of Lobsigensee 3. Revue de Paléobiologie 2: 189–204.
Frey, D. G., 1964. Remains of animals in Quaternary lake and bog sediments and their interpretation. Arch. Hydrobiol. 2(2): 114 pp.
Grimm, E. C., 1990. TILIA and TILIA.GRAPH, PC spreadsheet and graphics software for pollen data. INQUA Working Group on Data Handling Methods Newsletter 4: 5–7.
Gulliksen, S., G. Possnert, J. Mangerud & H. H. Birks, 1994. AMS 14C dating of the Kråkenes late Weichselian sediments. Abstract PE-22: 15th International Radiocarbon Conference, Glasgow, 15–19 August 1994.
Gulliksen, S., H. H. Birks, G. Possnert & J. Mangerud, 1998. A calendar age estimate of the Younger Dryas — Holocene boundary at Kråkenes, western Norway. The Holocene 8: 249–259.
Jonsgard, B. & H. H. Birks, 1995. Late-glacial mosses and environmental reconstructions at Kråkenes, western Norway. Lindbergia 20: 64–82.
Kloster, A. E., 1978. Physical and chemical properties of the waters of Øvre Heimdalen. Holarct. Ecol. 1: 117–123.
Larsen, E., F. Eide, O. Longva & J. Mangerud, 1984. Allerød-Younger Dryas climatic inferences from cirque glaciers and vegetational development in the Nordfjord area, western Norway. Arct. Alp. Res. 16: 137–169.
Lillehammer, A., 1978. The Trichoptera of Øvre Heimdalsvatn. Holarct. Ecol. 1: 255–260.
Solem, J. O., 1983. Temporary pools in the Dovre mountains and their fauna of Trichoptera. Acta Entomol. Fennica 42: 82–85.
Solem, J. O., 1985. Norwegian Apatania Kolenati (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae): identification of larvae and aspects of their biology in a high-altitude zone. Entomol. Scand. 16: 161–174.
Solem, J. O. & T. Alm, 1994. Southwards migration of freshwater invertebrates from northern Norway. Fauna norv. Ser. A. 15: 9–15.
Solem, J. O. & B. Gullefors, 1996. Trichoptera, caddisflies. In Nilsson, A. (ed.), Aquatic Insects of North Europe. A Taxonomic Handbook. 1. Apollo Books: 223–255.
Solem, J. O. & T. Andersen, 1996. Trichoptera. In Aagaard, K. & D. Dolmen (eds), Limnofauna Norvegica. Katalog over norsk ferskvannsfauna. Tapir forlag, Trondheim: 172–180.
Solem, J. O., T. Solem, K. Aagaard & O. Hansen, 1997. Colonization and evolution of lakes on the central Norwegian coast following deglaciation and land uplift 9500 to 7800 yrs B.P. J. Paleolim. 18: 269–281.
Wiggins, G. B., 1996. Larvae of the North American Caddisfly Genera (Trichoptera) 2nd Edition. University of Toronto Press. 457 pp.
Williams, N. E., 1988. The use of caddisflies (Trichoptera) in Palaeoecology. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclim. Palaeoecol. 62: 493–500.
Williams, N. E., 1989. Factors affecting the interpretation of caddisfly assemblages from Quaternary sediments. J. Paleolim. 1: 241–248.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Solem, J.O., Birks, H.H. Late-glacial and early-Holocene Trichoptera (Insecta) from Kråkenes Lake, western Norway. Journal of Paleolimnology 23, 49–56 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008064831048
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008064831048