Abstract
Chromosomal non-histone high-mobility-group (HMG) proteins represent essential components of eukaryotic chromatin and have also been isolated from a variety of plants. In maize, studies on structure and function of the two larger of the four major HMG proteins have recently been performed and are now extended by analysis of theirin vivo stability using pulse-chase experiments in a cell suspension culture. The half-life of the analyzed HMGa and HMGb proteins was found to be 65 h or more than 78 h, respectively.
References
Bachmair A, Finley D, Varshavsky A:In vivo half-life of a protein is a function of its amino-terminal residue. Science 234: 179–186 (1986).
Begum N, Pash JM, Bhorjee JS: Expression and synthesis of high mobility group chromosomal proteins in different rat skeletal cell lines during myogenesis. J Biol Chem 264: 11936–11941 (1990).
Bustin M, Lehn DA, Landsman D: Structural features of the HMG chromosomal proteins and their genes. Biochim Biophys Acta 1049: 231–243 (1990).
Czarnecka E, Ingersoll JC, Gurley WB: AT-rich promoter elements of soybean heat shock gene Gmhsp 17.5E bind two distinct sets of nuclear proteinsin vitro. Plant Mol Biol 19: 985–1000 (1992).
Grasser KD, Feix G: Isolation and characterization of maize cDNAs encoding a high mobility group protein displaying a HMG-box. Nucl Acids Res 19: 2573–2577 (1991).
Grasser KD, Haass MM, Griess EA, Feix G: Detection of the chromosomal HMGa protein in crude maize extracts. J Plant Physiol 140: 634–636 (1992).
Grasser KD, Hetz W, Griess EA, Feix G: Stimulatory effect of the maize HMGa protein on reporter gene expression in maize protoplasts. FEBS Lett 327: 141–144. (1993).
Grasser KD, Maier U-G, Haass MM, Feix G: Maize high mobility group proteins bind to CCAAT and TATA boxes of a zein gene promoter. J Biol Chem 265: 4185–4188 (1990).
Grasser KD, Wohlfarth T, Bäumlein H, Feix G: Comparative analysis of chromosomal HMG proteins from monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Plant Mol Biol 23: 619–625 (1993).
Grasser KD, Wurz A, Feix G: Isolation and characterization of high-mobility-group proteins from maize. Planta 185: 350–355 (1991).
Griess EA, Grasser KD, Feix G: Repeat units from a maize external spacer region exhibit DNA curvature and interact with high-mobility-group proteins. Planta 191: 524–531 (1993).
Hargrove JL, Hulsley MG, Beale EG: The kinetics of mammalian gene expression. BioEssays 13: 667–674 (1991).
Jacobsen K, Laursen NB, Jensen EO, Marcker A, Poulsen C, Marcker KA: HMG-like proteins from leaf and nodule nuclei interact with different AT motifs in soybean nodulin promoters. Plant Cell 2: 85–94 (1990).
Laemmli UK: Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of the bacteriophage T4. Nature 227: 680–685 (1970).
Maier U-G, Grasser KD, Haass MM, Feix G: Multiple proteins bind to the P2 promoter region of the zein gene pMS1 of maize. Mol Gen Genet 221: 164–170 (1990).
Mithieux G, Roux B: Study of a chromatin domain different from bulk chromatin in barley nuclei. Biochim Biophys Acta 781: 286–293 (1984).
Moehs CP, McElwain EF, Spiker S: Chromosomal proteins fromArabidopsis thaliana. Plant Mol Biol 11: 507–515 (1988).
Murashige T, Skoog F: A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15: 473–497 (1962).
Pedersen TJ, Arwood LJ, Spiker S, Guiltinan MJ, Thompson WF. The high mobility group proteins bind to AT-rich tracts flanking plants genes. Plant Mol Biol 16: 95–104 (1991).
Quayle TJA, Hetz W, Feix G: Characterization of a maize endosperm culture expressing zein genes and its use in transient transformation assays. Plant Cell Rep 9: 544–548 (1991).
Rechsteiner M, Kuehl L: Microinjection of the nonhistone chromosomal protein HMG1 into bovine fibroblasts and HeLa cells. Cell 6: 901–908 (1979).
Rechsteiner M, Rogers S, Rote K: Protein structure and intracellular stability. Trends Biochem Sci 12: 390–394 (1987).
Rogers S, Wells R, Rechsteiner M: amino acid sequences common to rapidly degraded proteins: the PEST hypothesis. Science 234: 364–368 (1986).
Smith BJ: Synthesis and degradation. In: Johns EW (ed) The HMG Chromosomal Proteins, pp. 111–121. Academic Press, London (1982).
Spiker S: High mobility group chromosomal proteins of wheat. J Biol Chem 259: 12007–12013 (1984).
Spiker S, Murray MG, Thompson WF. DNase I sensitivity at transcriptionally active genes in intact nuclei and isolated chromatin of plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 815–819 (1983).
Ull MA, Herrero ME, Franco L: Putative high mobility group non-histone chromosomal proteins from pea. Plant Sci 75: 55–62 (1991).
Vincentz M, Gigot C: HMG-like protein in barley corn nuclei. Plant Mol Biol 4: 161–168 (1985).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Grasser, K.D., Hetz, W. & Feix, G. Stability of the maize chromosomal high-mobility-group proteins, HMGa and HMGb,in vivo . Plant Mol Biol 25, 565–568 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00043885
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00043885