Abstract
Distribution of different forms of Zn in 16 acid alluvial rice growing soils of West Bengal (India) and their transformation on submergence were studied. The results showed that more than 84% of total Zn occurred in the relatively inactive clay lattice-bound form while a smaller fractionviz. 1.1, 1.6, 11.1 and 2.0 per cent of the total occurred as water-soluble plus exchangeable, organic complexed, amorphous sesquioxide-bound and crystalline sesquioxide bound forms, respectively. All these four Zn forms showed significant negative correlations with soil pH (r=−0.48**, −0.39*, −0.61** and −0.67**, respectively), while the latter two Zn forms showed significant positive correlations with Fe2O3 (0.68** and 0.88***) and Al2O3 (0.89*** and 0.75***) content of the soils. The different Zn forms were found to have positive and significant correlations amongst each other, suggesting the existence of a dynamic equilibrium of these forms in soil.
Submergence caused an increase in the amorphous sesquioxide-bound form of Zn and a decrease in each of the other three forms. The magnitude of such decreases in water-soluble plus exchangeable and crystalline sesquioxide-bound forms was found to be correlated negatively with initial pH values of the soils and positively with the increase in the amorphous sesquioxide-bound form, indicating their adsorption on the surface of the freshly formed hydrated oxides of Fe, which view was supported by the existence of significant positive correlation between the increase in the amorphous sesquioxide-bound form of Zn and that in AlCl3-extractable iron. The existence of a positive correlation between the decrease in crystalline sesquioxide-bound Zn and that in Fe2O3 content in soil suggested that on waterlogging the soil Zn occluded in the cry talline sesquioxide was released as a result of reduction of Fe2O3.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bar-Yosef B 1979 pH-dependent zinc adsorption by soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 43, 1095–1099.
Davis JA and Leckie JO 1978 The Effect of adsorbed complexing ligants on trace metal uptake by hydrous oxides. Environ. Sci. Tech. 12, 1309–1315.
Jackson ML 1967 Soil Chemical Analysis, Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi.
Jenne EA 1968 Controls of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn concentrations in soils and water. The significant role of hydrous Mn and Fe oxides.In Trace Inorganics in Water. Ed. RF Gould. 73, pp 337–387. Adv. Chem. Ser (ACS).
Mandal LN 1961 Transformation of iron and manganese in waterlogged rice soils. Soil Sci. 91, 121–126.
Mandal LN and Mandal Biswapati 1986 Zinc fractions in soils in relation to zinc nutrition of lowland rice. Soil Sci. 142, 141–148.
Mehra OP and Jackson ML 1960 Iron oxide removal from soils and clays by a dithionate-citrate system buffered with sodium carbonate Proc. 7th Conf. Nat. Res. Coun. Pub. pp 317–327.
Mikkelsen DS and Kuo S 1977 Zinc fertilization and behaviour in flooded soils. Commonwealth Bureau of Soil, CAB Special Publication 5, 59 pp.
Murthy ASP 1982 Zinc fractions in wetland rice soils and their availability to rice. Soil Sci. 133, 150–154.
Nalovic L 1978 Geochemical studies on transition elements in soils. Experimental study on the influence of trace elements on the behaviour of iron and the evolution of ferric compounds in pedogenesis. Soils Fert. 41, 580.
Ponnamperuma, FN 1972 The chemistry of submerged soils. Adv. Agron. 24, 29–96.
Reddy CN and Patrick WH Jr 1977 Effect of redox potential on stability of zinc and cooper chelates in flooded soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 41, 729–732.
Saeed M and Fox RL 1977 Relation between suspension pH and zinc solubility in acid and calcareous soils. Soil Sci. 124, 199–204.
Sarkar AK and Deb DL 1985 Fate of fertilizer zinc in a black soil (Vertisol). J. Agric. Sci. (UK) 104, 249–251.
Singh MV and Abrol IP 1986 Transformation and movement of zinc in an alkali soil and their influence on the yield and uptake of zinc by rice and wheat crops. Plant and Soil 94, 445–449.
Viets FG Jr 1962 The chemistry and availability of micronutrients in soils. J. Agric. Fd. Chem. 10, 174–178.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hazra, G.C., Mandal, B. & Mandal, L.N. Distribution of zinc fractions and their transformation in submerged rice soils. Plant Soil 104, 175–181 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372530
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02372530