Abstract
Iron toxicity is suspected to be a major nutritional disorder in rice cropping systems established on flooded organic soils that contain reductible iron. A pot trial was carried out to assess Fe toxicity to rice in flooded Burundi highland swamp soils with a wide range of organic carbon contents. Soil and leaf analyses were performed and total grain weight was determined. Clear Fe toxicity was diagnosed, based on leaf Fe content at panicle differentiation. Leaf Fe contents higher than 250 μg g−1 dry matter induced lower Mg (and probably Mn) uptake, and a 50% total grain weight reduction. These features were associated with exchangeable Fe equivalent fractions higher than 86%. Besides, several non-Fe toxic soils exhibited an Mg-Mn imbalance.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beringer H and Forster H 1981 Einfluss variierter Mg-Ernährung auf Tausendkorngewicht und P-Fraktionen des Gerstenkorns. Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Bodenkd. 144, 8–15.
Bohn H L, McNeal B L and O'Connor G A 1979 Soil Chemistry. pp 247–271. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Bouharmont J and Tilquin J P (Eds.) 1990 Proceedings of the International Workshop “Contraintes liées à la riziculture d'altitude et amélioration variétale”. Bujumbura, Burundi, 18–23 april 1990. UCL, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. 213 p.
DeDatta S K 1981 Principles and Practices of Rice Production. pp 41–45, 345–419. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Dent D L and van Mensvoort M E F (Eds.) 1993 Selected Papers of the Ho Chi Minh City Symposium on Acid Sulphate Soils, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, March 1991. IRLI Publ. 53, Wageninen, The Netherlands. 425 p.
Deturck P and Ponnamperuma F N (Eds.) 1991 Rice Production on Acid Soils of the Tropics. Institute of the Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka. 305 p.
Dhost H (Ed.) 1988 Selected Papers of the Dakar Symposium on Acid Sulphate Soils, Dakar, Senegal, Jan. 1986. IRLI Publ. 44, Wageningen, The Netherlands. 251 p.
Fischer W R 1988 Microbiological reactions of iron in soils.In Iron in Soils and Clay Minerals. Eds. J WStucki, B AGoodman and USchwertmann. pp 715–748. D. Reidel Publ. Co. Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
Foy C D 1983 Plant adaptation to mineral stress in problem soils. Iowa State J. Res. 57, 339–345.
Grontmij n.v. 1967 Développement de la Théiculture aux Vallées des Rivières Cyohoha et Rukeri. De Bilt, The Netherlands. pp 41–42.
Hannam R J and Ohki K 1988 Detection of manganese deficiency and toxicity in plants.In Manganese in Soils and Plants. Eds. R DGraham, R JHannam and N CUren. pp 243–259. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht.
Harmsen K and vanBreemen N 1975 Translocation of iron in acid sulfate soils: 2. Production and diffusion of dissolved ferrous iron. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 39, 1148–1153.
Hennebert P and Ciza A 1990 Propriétés pédologiques et productivité rizicole des marais du Burundi.In Proceedings of the International Workshop “Contraintes liées à la riziculture d'altitude et amélioration variétale”. Bujumbura, Burundi, 18–23 april 1990. Eds. JBouharmont and J PTilquin. pp 193–205. UCL, Louvainla-Neuve, Belgium.
Lindsay W L 1979 Chemical Equilibria in Soils. pp 128–149. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Marschner H 1986 Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press Ltd., London. 674 p.
Mengel K and Kirkby E A 1987 Principles of Plant Nutrition. 4th ed. International Potash Institute, Bern, Switzerland. 687 p.
Mikkelsen D S 1970 Recent advances in rice plant tissue analysis. Rice J. 73, 2–5.
Moore P AJr. and Patrick W HJr. 1989a Manganese availability and uptake by rice in acid sulfate soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53, 104–109.
Moore P AJr. and Patrick W HJr. 1989b Iron availability and uptake by rice in acid sulfate soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53, 471–476.
Moore P AJr. and Patrick W HJr. 1989c Calcium and magnesium availability and uptake by rice in acid sulfate soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53, 816–822.
Moore P AJr., Attanandana T and Patrick W HJr. 1990 Factors affecting rice growth on acid sulfate soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54, 1651–1656.
Opdecamp L, Wakana M and Gourdin J 1990 Premières indications sur la fertilité des sols dans les marais du Burundi. Note technique no146. ISABu, Bujumbura, Burundi.
Ottow J C G, Prade K, Brentenbreiter W and Jacq V A 1991 Strategies to alleviate iron toxicity of wetland rice in acid sulphate soils.In Rice Production on Acid Soils of the Tropics. Eds. PDeturck and F NPonnamperuma. pp 205–211. Institute of the Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
Ponnamperuma F N 1972 The chemistry of submerged soils. Adv. Agron. 24, 29–96.
Raunet M (Ed.) 1993 Proceedings of the International Workshop “Bas-Fonds et Riziculture”. Antananarivo, Madagascar, 9–14 december 1991. CIRAD, Montpellier, France. 517 p.
Rowell D L 1981 Oxidation and reduction.In The Chemistry of Soil Processes. Eds. D JGreenland and M HHayes. pp 401–461. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Schwab A P and Lindsay W L 1983 Effects of redox on the solubility and availability of iron. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 47, 201–205.
Schwertmann U and Taylor R M 1989 Iron oxides.In Minerals in Soil Environment. Eds. J BDixon and S BWeed. pp 419–420. SSSA Publ., Madison, Wisconsin.
Tanaka A and Yoshida S 1970 Nutritional disorders of the rice plant in Asia. Tech. Bull. 10. IRRI, Los Baños, The Philippines.
VanBreemen N and Harmsen K 1975 Translocation of iron in acid sulfate soils: 1. Soil morphology, and the chemistry and mineralogy of iron in a chronosequence of acid sulfate soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 39, 1140–1148.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Genon, J.G., de Hepcee, N., Duffy, J.E. et al. Iron toxicity and other chemical soil constraints to rice in highland swamps of Burundi. Plant Soil 166, 109–115 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02185487
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02185487