Abstract
During 1992, the cloaca of 83 specimens of North American Amphibia from Algonquin Park and Kingston, Ontario, Canada, and from El Paso County, Texas, USA, comprising 14 species in seven families, were checked for opalinids.Opalina martinonae n. sp. was found in five of nineRana sylvatica (Ranidae);O. obtrigonoidea Metcalf, 1923 in six of 11Bufo americanus (Bufonidae) and two of ninePseudacris crucifer (Hylidae);O. pickeringi Metcalf, 1923 in two of ninePseudacris crucifer and in one of sixRana pipiens; andO. virguloidea Metcalf, 1923 in two of sixHyla versicolor (Hylidae).Opalina flava Stokes, 1884 is proposed forCepedea flava (Stokes, 1884) Metcalf, 1923. The occurrence, evolution and biogeography of North AmericanOpalina are discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Affa'a F.M. (1992). A propos des critères de séparation des genres d'opalines:Protoopalina Metcalf, 1918,Cepedea Metcalf, 1920 etOpalina (Purkinje et Valentin, 1835).Archiv für Protistenkunde,141, 304–314.
Affa'a F.M. & Lynn D.H. (1994) A review of the classification and distribution of five opalinids from Africa and North America.Canadian Journal of Zoology.72, 665–674.
Abbot C.C. (1884) Recent studies of the spade-foot toad.American Naturalist,18, 1,075–1,080.
Beltrán E. (1941) Opalinidos parasitos en anfibios mexicanos. I. Examen de doce especies de anuros, con la descripción deZelleriella bolivari sp.n. deBufo marmoreus.Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural,2, 127–136.
Brandt B.B. (1936) Parasites of certain North Carolina Salientia.Ecological Monographs,6, 493–532.
Campbell R.A. (1968) A comparative study of the parasites of certain Salientia from Pocahontas State Park, Virginia.Virginia Journal of Science,19, 13–20.
Chandler E.R. (1936)Parasites of tadpoles of the green frog, Rana clamitansLatreille. Thesis: Duke University, 41 pp.
Chen T.T. & Stabler R.M. (1936) Further studies on the endamoebae parasitizing opalinid ciliates.Biological Bulletin. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole,70, 72–77.
Cheung A.T.W. (1976) Locomotion of ciliated protozoan.Journal of Protozoology,23, 8A.
Cosgrove W.B. (1947) Fibrillar structures inOpalina obtrigonoidea Metcalf.Journal of Parasitology,33, 351–357.
Delvinquier B.L.J. (1987) Opalinidae in Australian Anura.Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland,98, 93–122.
Delvinquier B.L.J., Markus M.B. & Passmore N.I. (1991a) Opalinidae in African Anura. I. GenusOpalina.Systematic Parasitology,19, 119–146.
Delvinquier B.L.J., Markus M.B. & Passmore N.I. (1991b) Opalinidae in African Anura. II. GeneraProtozelleriella n. g. andZelleriella.Systematic Parasitology,19, 159–185.
Delvinquier B.L.J., Markus M.B. & Passmore N.I. (1993) Opalinidae in African Anura. III. GenusCepedea.Systematic Parasitology,24, 53–80.
Delvinquier B.L.J., Markus M.B. & Passmore N.I. (1995) Opalinidae in African Anura. IV. GenusProtoopalina.Systematic Parasitology,32, 141–147.
Delvinquier B.L.J. & Patterson D.J. (1993) The opalines.In.: Kreier J.P. & Baker J.R. (Eds), Parasitic Protozoa. Vol. III. (2nd edition). San Diego, etc: Academic Press, pp. 247–325.
Díaz-Ungría C. (1960) Parasitologia venezolana.Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales Caracas, Monographs,1, 1–657.
Duellman W.E. & Trueb L. (1986) Biology of amphibians. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 670 pp.
Earl P.R. (1969) Rudimentary opalinid protozoan dimensions.Revista Brasileira de Biologia,29, 255–264.
Earl P.R. (1970) Some protozoan endosymbionts in Ohio-frogs.Acta Protozoologica,7, 491–503.
Earl P.R. (1971a)Nyctotheroides lavieri sp.n.,N. golikova sp.n.,N. higginsi sp.n., andN. enriquebeltrani sp.n. (Plagiotomidae, Protozoa).Revista Brasileira de Biologia,31, 161–164.
Earl P.R. (1971b)Hegneriella dobelli gen.n., sp.n. (Opalinidae) fromBufo valliceps and some remarks on the the systematic position of the Opalinidae.Acta Protozoologica,9, 41–48.
Earl P.R. (1972)Hegneriella cheni sp.n. andOpalina wessenbergi sp.n. (Protozoa).Acta Protozoologica,10, 267–268.
Earl P.R. (1973) Suppressions and other taxonomic changes in the protozoan subphyllum Opalinida.Publicaciones Biologicas Instituto de Investigaciones Cientificas,1, 25–32.
Fortner H.C. (1923) The distribution of frog parasites of the Douglas Lake region, Michigan.Transactions of the American Microscopical Society,42, 79–90.
Frandsen J.C. & Grundmann A.W. (1956) Survey of the parasites of some Amphibia from Salt Lake County.Proceedings of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters,33, 182.
Frandsen J.C. & Grundmann A.W. (1960) The parasites of some amphibians of Utah,Journal of Parasitology,46, 678.
Frost D.R. (1985) Amphibian species of the world: a taxonomic and geographical reference. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Press and Association of Systematics Collections, 732 pp.
Gorham S.W. (1974) Liste des amphibiens du monde d'après l'état du ler Janvier 1970. Saint-Jean, N.B.: Le Musée du Nouveau Brunswick, 172 pp.
Hamlett W.C. (1973a) A morphological and cytochemical study ofOpalina obtrigonoidea (Metcalf) with supplementary observations onZelleriella sp. (Opalinata: Opalinida: Opalinidae).Bulletin of the South Carolina Academy of Science,35, 109.
Hamlett W.C. (1973b) A morphological and cytochemical study ofOpalina obtrigonoidea (Metcalf) with supplementary observations onZelleriella sp. (Opalinata: Opalinida: Opalinidae).The Association of the Southwestern Biologists,20, 57.
Hara Y. (1937) [Studies on the neuromotor system and structure inOpalina obtrigonoidea japonica n.subsp.].Syokubutu Oyobi Dobutu, Tokyo,5, 938–943. (pp. 22–28) (In Japanese, English summary)
Hazard, F.O. (1937)Studies on the ecology and life history of Opalina. Thesis: Ohio State University, 53 pp.
Hazard F.O. (1941) The absence of opalinids from the adult green frog,Rana clamitans.Journal of Parasitology,27, 513–516.
Hegner R.W. (1922) The effects of changes in diet on the incidence distribution and numbers of certain intestinal protozoa of frog and toad tadpoles.Journal of Parasitology,9, 51–67.
Hegner R.W. (1923) The relations between the food of frog and toad tadpoles and their intestinal protozoa.Anatomical Record,24, 371–372.
Hegner R.W. (1931a) Opalinid ciliates of the green frog.Journal of Parasitology,17, 107–108.
Hegner R.W. (1931b) Proceedings of the One Hundred Thirty-First Meeting of Heminthological Society of Washington.Journal of Parasitology,17, 232.
Hegner R.W. (1932) Observations and experiments on the opalinid ciliates of the green frog.Journal of Parasitology,18, 274–277.
Kazmi R., Mahoon M.S. & Saleem P.M. (1988) An addition to the entozoic fauna of common frogRana tigerina Daudin.Biologia (Lahore),34, 171–178.
Kudo R. (1922) On the protozoa parasitic in frogs.Transactions of American Microscopical Society,41, 59–76.
Larson M.E. (1928) Reaction of opalinas to various laboratory culture media.Transactions of the American Microscopical Society,47, 1–10.
Larson M.E. & Allen F.W.(Jr) (1927) A comparative study on the longevity ofOpalina obtrigonoidea in various media.Journal of Parasitology,13, 225–226.
Larson M.E. & Allen F.W.Jr (1928) Further studies on the reaction ofOpalina to various laboratory culture media.University of Kansas Science Bulletin,18, 485–490.
Larson M.E., VanEpps M.H. & Brooks S.T. (1925) Reaction of opalinas to various laboratory media.Science,62, 289–290.
Lehmann D.L. (1960) Some parasites of central California amphibians.Journal of Parasitology,46, 10.
Little, M.E. (1928)The parasites of salamanders. Thesis: Duke University, 21 pp.
Liu S.Y. (1958) On the opalinid ciliate infusorians parasitic in the Formosan anurans.Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum,11, 131–145.
Mahoon M.S. & Khan M.I. (1986) Entozoic protozoa of frogRana cyanophlyctis Schneider.Biologia (Lahore),32, 383–420.
Malewitz T.D. (1956) Intestinal parasitism of some Mid-Western salamanders.American Midland Naturalist,55, 434–436.
Mann, D.R. (1932)The ecology of some North Carolina salamanders with special reference to their parasites. Thesis: Duke University, 51 pp.
Marx L. (1963) Opalinids in the small intestine of frogs.Wasmann Journal of Biology,21, 199–204.
McAllister C.T. & Upton S.J. (1987) Endoparasites of the smallmouth salamander,Ambystoma texanum (Caudata: Ambystomatidae) from Dallas County, Texas.Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington 54, 258–261.
McArthur W.H. (1955a) Observations of the enteric protozoa ofRana pipiens during larval development and metamorphosis.Dissertation Abstracts,15, 1148.
McArthur W.H. (1955b) Observations of the enteric protozoa ofRana pipiens during larval development and metamorphosis.Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science,62, 640–651.
Mellode I.F. (1932) Contribution à l'étude des infusoires parasites des anoures du Malabar.Records of the Indian Museum,34, 89–124.
Metcalf M.M. (1912) Opalina mitotica.Zoologische Jahrbücher.1, supplement 15, 79–94.
Metcalf M.M. (1920) The classification of the Opalinidae.Science,52, 135–136.
Metcalf M.M. (1923) The opalinid ciliate infusorians.Bulletin of the United States National Museum,120, 1–484.
Metcalf M.M. (1940) Further studies on the opalinid ciliate infusorians and their hosts.Proceedings of the United States National Museum,87, 465–634.
Mohr J.L. (1940) On the orientation of opalinids.Journal of Parasitology,26, 236–238.
Mohr J.L. (1941a) Protozoarios parasitos de cincuentaHyla eximia Baird capturadas en Coyoacán, D.F., México. La situación deOpalina virguloidea Metcalf. Opalinidos yEndamoeba hiperparasítica.Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural,2, 261–266.
Mohr J.L. (1941b) Experimental manipulation of opalinids (Protoza, (sic!) Ciliata) to alter apparent specific or generic status.Anatomical Record,81, 640.
Nesslinger C.L. (1955) The incidence of opalinid infusorians in two species of tadpoles.Journal of Parasitology,41, 69–70.
Nie D. (1935) Intestinal ciliates of Amphibia of Nanking.Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of China, (zoological series)11, 67–95.
Odening K. (1955) Über die Parasitenfauna des Wasserfrosches (Rana esculenta Linné) in einigen mitteldeutschen Biotopen.Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Friedrich-Schiller Universität Jena,4, 487–508.
Odlaug T.O. (1955) Parasites of some Ohio Amphibia.Ohio Journal of Science,54, 126–128.
Oliver J.A. & Shaw C.E. (1953) The amphibians and reptiles of the Hawaiian islands.Zoologica,38, 65–95.
Panitz E. (1967) Enteric protozoa of some amphibians of the Elk Mountains, Colorado.Ohio Journal of Science,67, 55–56.
Parry J.E. & Grundmann A.W. (1965) Species composition and distribution of the parasites of some common amphibians of Iron and Washington Counties, Utah.Proceedings of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters,42, 271–279.
Rankin J.S. (1937) An ecological study of parasites of some North Carolina salamanders.Ecological Monographs,7, 171–269.
Ritter, E. (1950)The protozoa parasitic in the large intestine of the leopardfrog, Rana pipients. Thesis: Ohio State University, 36 pp.
Santos B.G. (1991) Opalinidos asociados a anfibios in la región de ‘Los Tuxtlas’, Veracruz, México.Boletin de la Sociedad de Herpetologia Mexicana,4, 2–5.
Shaw, R.F. (1967) The occurrence of opalinids in amphibians from northern Minnesota.Journal of protozoology,14, supplement, 38.
Stabler R.M. & Chen T.T. (1936) Observations on anEndamoeba parasitizing opalinid ciliates.Biological Bulletin. Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole,70, 56–71.
Stokes A.C. (1884a) Notices of some new parasitic Infusoria.American Naturalist,18, 1,081–1,086.
Stokes A.C. (1884b) Notes sur quelques parasites nouveaux.Journal de Micrographie,8, 566–572.
Stokes A.C. (1888) A preliminary contribution toward a history of the fresh-water Infusoria of the United States.Journal of the Trenton Natural History Society,1, 71–344.
Trowbridge A.H. & Hefley H.M. (1934) Preliminary studies on the parasites fauna of Oklahoma anurans.Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science,14, 16–19.
Uttangi J.C. (1951) On a new species ofNyctotherus found inUperodon systoma Schneider, Microhylidae.Current Science,20, 210–211.
VanOrden F. & Nelson T.C. (1926) On the specificity ofOpalina in the frog.Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine,24, 253–255.
Wenrich D.H. (1935) Host-parasite relations between parasitic protozoa and their hosts.Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society,75, 605–650.
Wessenberg H. (1961) Studies on the life cycle and morphogenesis ofOpalina.University of California, Publications in Zoology,61, 315–369.
Wessenberg H. (1966) Observations on cortical ultrastructure inOpalina.Journal de Microscopie,5, 471–492.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Delvinquier, B.L.J., Desser, S.S. Opalinidae (Sarcomastigophora) in North American Amphibia. GenusOpalina Purkinje & Valentin, 1835. Syst Parasitol 33, 33–51 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01526633
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01526633