Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Some Pharmacokinetic Parameters and Dosage Regimens for a Long-Acting Formulation of Oxytetracycline in 6- to 8-Month-Old Male Calves

  • Published:
Veterinary Research Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A two-way crossover study was conducted in crossbred male calves (6–8 months old) to determine the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and dosage regimens for a long-acting formulation of oxytetracycline (OTC-LA). The half-lives of oxytetracycline after intravenous and intramuscular administration were 7.8 h and 24 h, respectively. The volume of distribution and total body clearance values of the drug were 0.86±0.07 L and 76.1±3.3 (ml/h)/kg, respectively. The maximum concentration of the drug in the serum (4.7–7.4 μg/ml) was achieved 8–10 h after intramuscular administration. The minimum therapeutic serum concentration of drug of ≥0.5 μg/ml was maintained between 15 min and 84 h after intramuscular administration. The intramuscular bioavailability of the drug was 89.1±4.2%. The dosage regimens to maintain the minimum therapeutic serum concentrations of OTC following intramuscular administration of OTC-LA were computed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

REFERENCES

  • Ames, T.R., Larson, V.L. and Stowe, C.M., 1983. Oxytetracycline concentrations in healthy and diseased calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 44, 1354–1357

    Google Scholar 

  • Arret, B., Johnson, D.P. and Kirshbaum, A., 1971. Outline of details for microbiological assay of antibiotics: second revision. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 60, 1689–1694

    Google Scholar 

  • Baggot, J.D., 1977. Principles of Drug Disposition in Domestic Animals. The Basis of Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology, (W.B. Saunders and Co., Philadelphia)

    Google Scholar 

  • Baggot, J.D., 1980. Distribution of antimicrobial agents in normal and diseased animals. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 176, 1085–1090

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauer, F. and Seeger, K., 1979. Chemotherapie bakterieller Infektionen der Haustiere. In: H. Blobel and Th. Schliesser (eds), Hand-buch der bakterieller Infektionen der Tiere, (Gustav Fischer, Jena), 347–552

    Google Scholar 

  • Benet, L.Z., Mitchell, J.R. and Lewis, B.S., 1990. Pharmacokinetics: the dynamics of drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. In: A.G. Gilman, Th.W. Rall, A.S. Nies and P. Taylor (eds), The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, (Pergamon Press, New York), 3–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Breeze, R.G. and Magonigle, R.A., 1979. A long-acting tetracycline for treatment of Pasteurella pneumonia in calves. Bovine Practice, 14, 15–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Bywater, R.J., 1991. Veterinary Applied Pharmacology and Therapeutics, (Baillieère-Tindall, London)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornwell, R.L., 1980. Evaluation of a long-acting injectable oxytetracycline. Modern Veterinary Practice, 61, 945–947

    Google Scholar 

  • Craig, W.A. and Gudmundsson, S., 1991. The postantibiotic effect. In: V. Lorian (ed.), Antibiotics in LaboratoryMedicine, (Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore), 403–431

    Google Scholar 

  • Cross, A.S., Sadoff, J.C., Kelly, N., Bernton, E. and Femski, P., 1989. Pretreatment with recombinant murine tumor necrosis factor/cachectin and murine interleukin-1a protects mice from lethal bacterial infection. Journal of Experimental Medicine, 169, 2021–2027

    Google Scholar 

  • Cornwell, R.L., 1980. Evaluation of a long-acting injectable oxytetracycline. Modern Veterinary Practice, 61, 945–947

    Google Scholar 

  • Davey, L.A., Ferber, M.T. and Kaye, B., 1985. Comparison of the serum pharmacokinetics of a long-acting and a conventional oxytetracycline injection.Veterinary Record, 117, 426–429

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrod, L.P., Lambert, H.P., O'Grady, F. and Waterworth, P.M., 1973. Antibiotic and Chemotherapy, (Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerber, A.U. and Craig, W.A., 1981. Growth kinetics of respiratory pathogens after short exposures to ampicillin and erythromycin in vitro. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 8(Suppl. C), 81–91

    Google Scholar 

  • Havell, E.A., 1989. Evidence that tumor necrosis factor has an important role in antibacterial resistance. Journal of Immunology, 143, 2894–2899

    Google Scholar 

  • Ilemobade, A.A., Gyang, E.O., Bida, S.A. and Addo, P.B., 1979. Cure of Dermatophilus congolensis infection in cattle by long-acting oxytetracycline. Research in Veterinary Science, 27, 302–305

    Google Scholar 

  • Janzen, F.D. and McManus, R.F., 1980. Observation on the use of a long-acting oxytetracycline for incontact prophylaxis of undifferentiated bovine respiratory disease in feed-lot steers under Canadian conditions. Bovine Practice, 15, 87–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koritz, G.D., 1984. Relevance of peak and trough concentration to antimicrobial drug therapy. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 185, 1072–1075

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunin, C.M., 1966. Clinical pharmacology of the new penicillins I. The importance of serum protein binding in determining antimicrobial activity and concentration in serum. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 7, 166–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Lam, F.C., Hung, C.T. and Perrier, D.G., 1985. Estimation of variance for harmonic mean half-lives. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 74, 229–231

    Google Scholar 

  • Lambert, H.P. and O'Grady, F.W., 1992. Antibiotic and Chemotherapy, (Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mackenzie, F.M. and Gould, I.M., 1993. The postantibiotic effect. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 32, 519–537

    Google Scholar 

  • Magonigle, R.A., Simpson, J.E. and Frank, F.W., 1978. Efficacy of a new oxytetracycline formulation against clinical anaplasmosis. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 39, 1407–1410

    Google Scholar 

  • Meijer, L.A., Ceyssens, K.G.F., de Jong, W.Th. and de Greve, B.I.J.A.C., 1993. Three phase elimination of oxytetracycline in veal calves; the presence of an extended terminal phase. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 16, 214–222

    Google Scholar 

  • Mercer, H.D., Teske, R.H., Long, P.E. and Showalter, D.H., 1978. Drug residues in food animals II, plasma and tissue kinetics of oxytetracycline in young cross-bred swine. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 1, 119–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Mevius, D.J., Nouws, J.F.M., Breukink, H.J., Vree, T.B., Driessens, F. and Verkaik, R., 1986. Comparative pharmacokinetics, bioavailability and renal clearance of five parenteral oxytetracycline-20% formulations in dairy cows. The Veterinary Quarterly, 8, 285–294

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakamura, S., Minami, A., Fugimoto, K. and Kojima, T., 1989. Combination effect of recombinant human interleukin-1α with antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 33, 1804–1810

    Google Scholar 

  • Nouws, J.F.M., 1984. Irritation, bioavailability, and residue aspects of ten oxytetracycline formulations administered intramuscularly to pigs. The Veterinary Quarterly, 6, 80–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Nouws, J.F.M., Breukink, H.J., Binkhorst, G.J., Lohuis, J., van Lith, P., Mevius, D.J. and Vree, T.B., 1985. Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of eight parenteral oxytetracycline-10% formulations in dairy cows. The Veterinary Quarterly, 7, 306–314

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey, V.S. and Mwamba, T., 1977. Successful therapy of balantidiosis of pigs with acetarsol and oxytetracycline.Veterinary Parasitology, 3, 189–193

    Google Scholar 

  • Pilloud, M., 1973. Pharmacokinetics, plasma protein binding and dosage of oxytetracycline in cattle and horses. Research in Veterinary Science, 15, 224–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Powers, T.E., Verma, K.J. and Powers, J.D., 1984. Selecting therapeutic concentrations: minimum inhibitory concentrations vs subminimum or supraminimum inhibitory concentrations. Journal of American Veterinary Medical Association, 185, 1062–1067

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad, S., Jayachandran, C. and Singh, M.K., 1987. Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in dairy cows. Indian Journal of Animal Science, 57, 106–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadekar, R.D., 1993. Pharmacokinetics and dosage regimen of intramuscular oxytetracycline in adult buffaloes. Indian Veterinary Journal, 70, 578–579

    Google Scholar 

  • Schifferli, D., Galeazzi, R.L., Nicolet, J. and Wanner, M., 1982. Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline and therapeutic implications in veal calves. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 5, 247–257

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, M.K., Jayachandran, C., Singh, S.D. and Banerjee, N.C., 1988. Pharmacokinetics and dosage regimens of oxytetracycline following intramuscular administration in the buffaloes. Indian Veterinary Journal, 65, 28–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Steel, R.L.D. and Torrie, S.H., 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometric Approach, (McGraw-Hill, New York)

    Google Scholar 

  • TerHune, T.N. and Upson, D.W., 1989. Oxytetracycline pharmacokinetics, tissue depletion and toxicity after administration of a long-acting preparation at double the label dosage. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 194, 911–916

    Google Scholar 

  • Toutain, P.L. and Raynaud, J.P., 1983. Pharmacokinetics of oxytetracycline in young cattle: comparison of conventional vs long-acting formulations. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 44, 1203–1209

    Google Scholar 

  • Varma, K.J. and Paul, B.S., 1983. Pharmacokinetics and plasma protein binding (in vitro) of oxytetracycline in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). American Journal of Veterinary Research, 44, 497–499

    Google Scholar 

  • Xia, W., Gyrd-Hansen, N. and Nielsen, P., 1983. Comparison of pharmacokinetic parameters for two oxytetracycline preparations in pigs. Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 6, 113–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamaoka, K., Nakagawa, T. and Uno, T., 1978a. Statistical moments in pharmacokinetics. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, 6, 547–558

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamaoka, K., Nakagawa, T. and Uno, T., 1978b. Application of Akaike's information criterion (AIC) in the evaluation of linear pharmacokinetic equations. Journal of Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics, 6, 165–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamaoka, K., Tanigawara, Y., Nakagawa, T. and Uno, T., 1981. A pharmacokinetic analysis program (MULTI) for microcomputer. Journal of Pharmacobio-Dynamics, 4, 879–885

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhanel, G.G. and Craig, W.A., 1994. Pharmacokinetic concentrations to postantibiotic effects: focus on aminoglycosides. Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 27, 377–392

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhanel, G.G., Hoban, D.J. and Harding, G.K.M., 1991. The postantibiotic effect: a review of in vitro and in vivo data. DICP Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 25, 153–163

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, 334001, Rajasthan, India

    R. Kumar

  2. Division of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India

    J.K. Malik

Authors
  1. R. Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. J.K. Malik
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kumar, R., Malik, J. Some Pharmacokinetic Parameters and Dosage Regimens for a Long-Acting Formulation of Oxytetracycline in 6- to 8-Month-Old Male Calves. Vet Res Commun 22, 533–544 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006193703979

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006193703979

Search

Navigation