Abstract
The spatial variability of several sedimentological, chemical and biological parameters in the uppermost layer of bed sediment (ULBS) in Lake Kinneret, was studied during the development of anoxic conditions in the hypolimnion (May, 1995). ULBS samples were taken along a transect from the littoral to the pelagic zones, during tile crash of thePeridmium gatunense bloom, about 2 months after the onset of stratification and when oxygen in the hypolimnion was almost completely depleted. The 2–3mm of the ULBS, collected by SCUBA diver, contained relatively fresh material (as shown by high Chl c content) but differed from that of intactPeridinium cells. In the ULBS, the C:N atomic ratio averaged 8 and was similar all over the lake bottom and the average Chlorophyll a c ratio was 4 (reaching a value of ∼7 at 5m). These ratios inPeridinium cells were about 14 3 and 2, respectively. In addition, δ12C in the organic matter from the ULBS was lighter than that ofPeridinium. This data suggests that substantial degredation of the organic matter already occurs in the water column. Grain size distribution suggests the occurance of intense focussing processes in Lake Kinneret. Chemical and biological parameters in the ULBS exhibited clear depth dependant patterns, suggesting changes in physical and chemical processes occur. Three different zones can be distinguished in Lake Kinneret bottom sediments a. The littoral oxic pholic zone (down to 5–7m), which is influenced by intensive biodegradation and high turbulence. b Transition zone (7–20m), with anoxic-photic gradient and developed focussing processes c. Profundal, anoxic zone (>20m), where all line, settled, organic rich material concentrates and undergoes anaerobic decomposition.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
APHA.: 1992Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 18th ed. Greenberg, A. E., Clasceri, L. S. and Eaton, A. D. (eds.), American Public Health Association pp. 9–32 - 9–34.
Bergstein, T. and Canari, B. Z.: 1983.Hydrobiologia.106, 241–246.
Bergstein, T., Henis, Y. and Cavari, B. Z.: 1979.Can. J. Microbiol. 25, 999–1007.
Berman, T., Hoppe, H-G. and Gocke, K.: 1994.Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 104, 173–184.
Berman, T., Stone, L., Yacobi, Y. Z., Kaplan, B., Schlichter, M., Nishri, A. and Pollingher, U.: 1995.Limnol. Oceanogr. 40, 1064–1076.
Hakanson, L. and Jansson, M.: 1983.Principles of Lake Sedimentology. Springer-Verlag, NY pp316.
Hertzig, R., Dubinsky, Z. and Berman, T.: 1981.Developments in arid zone ecology and environmental quality. Shuval, H. (ed.) Balaban, Philadelphia pp 179–185.
Hieltjes, A. H. M. and Lijkema, L.: 1980.J. Environ. Qual. 9, 405–407.
Jeffrey, S.W., and Humprey, G. F.: 1975.Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen,167, 191- 194.
Koren, N.: 1993.Sedimentation rates and particle dynamics in the northern and central part of Lake Kinneret. MSc. thesis, Haifa University. pp157.
Lebo, M. E. and Reuter, J. E.: 1995.Mar. Freshwater Res. 46, 321–326.
Nishri, A. and Koren, N. 1993.:Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 25, 290–292.
Pettersson, K., Bostrom, B. and Jacobsen, O-S.: 1988.Hydrobiologia 170, 91–101.
Pfennig, N.: 1965.Hyg. Abt. 1. 1, 179–189.
Rowan, D. J., Cornett, R. J., King, K. and Risto, B.: 1995.J. Paleolimnol. 13, 107–118.
Serruya, C. (ed.).: 1978.Lake Kinneret. Dr. W. Junk Publ., The Hague.
Singer A., Gal, M. and Banin, A.: 1972.Sediment. Geol.,8, 289–308.
Steeman-Nielsen, E.: 1952.J. Cons. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 18, 117–140.
Wetzel, R. G.: 1983.Limnology CBS College
Wynne, D.: 1977.Physiol. Plant. 40, 219–224.
Wynne, D.: 1981.Hydrobiologia 83, 93–99.
Wynne, D., Patni, N. J., Aaronson, S. and Berman, T.: 1982.J. Plankton Res. 4, 125–136.
Wynne, D. and Bergstein-Ben Dan, T.: 1995.Can. J. Microbiol. 41, 278–283.
Yacohi, Y. Z., Mantoura, R. F. C. and Llewellyn, C. A.: 1991.Freshwater Biol. 26, 1–10.
Zohary, T., Erez, J., Gophen, M., Berman-Frank, I. and Stiller, M.:1994.Limnol. Oceanogr. 39, 1030–1043.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ostrovsky, I., Wynne, D., Bergstein-Ben Dan, T. et al. Spatial distributions of biogeochemical parameters in surface sediments. Water Air Soil Pollut 99, 497–505 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02406889
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02406889