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Humoral and neurohormonal aspects of blood pressure regulation: Focus on angiotensin

Beteiligung von Angiotensin an humoralen und neurohormonalen Mechanismen der Blutdruckregulation

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Zusammenfassung

Angiotensin zirkuliert als Hormon im Blut. Seine wesentlichen Zielorgane sind die glatte Gefäßmuskulatur, die Nebenniere und die Niere. Zirkulierendes hormonales Angiotensin erhöht den arteriellen Blutdruck durch Vasokonstruktion, Stimulation der Aldosteronfreisetzung und nachfolgender Salzund Wasserretention. Plasma-Angiotensin wirkt darüberhinaus auf zentrale Mechanismen der Blutdruckregulation. Angiotensin ist ebenfalls im Gehirn vorhanden als Teil des endogenen Gehirnrenin-Angiotensin-Systems. Das Gehirn-Angiotensin wird nicht an das Blut abgegeben und kann als Neurohormon mit vorwiegend lokaler Funktion angesehen werden. Eine Beteiligung des Gehirn-Angiotensins an der Aufrechterhaltung des hohen Blutdruckes spontan hypertensiver Ratten ist nachgewiesen worden. Es bestehen Rückkoppelungen zwischen dem Plasma-Angiotensin auf der einen Seite und dem Gehirn-Angiotensin auf der anderen Seite. Stimulation von bestimmten, für die zentrale Blutdruckregulation bedeutsamen Hirnarealen beeinflußt die Reninsekretion von der Niere. Das Renin-Angiotensin-System (RAS) kann als ein Modell für die engen Zusammenhänge zwischen humoraler und neurohumoraler Blutdruckregulation angesehen werden.

Summary

Angiotensin circulates in the blood as a hormone. Its main target organs are vascular smooth muscle, adrenal gland and the kidney. Hormonal angiotensin increases blood pressure by its vasoconstrictor action, by stimulation of aldosterone secretion and subsequent sodium and water retention, and by the stimulation of catecholamine release. Circulating plasma angiotensin also effects brain mechanisms of blood pressure regulation. In addition to this hormonal function, angiotensin is present in the brain as part of an endogenous brain renin-angiotensin system. Brain angiotensin is not secreted into the blood and can be considered a neurohormone with local function. A role of brain angiotensin in the maintenance of high blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats has been demonstrated. Circulating plasma angiotensin appears to influence brain renin levels and vice versa. Stimulation of specific areas in the brain known to be involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular system, stimulate renin secretion from the kidney. The renin-angiotensin system can therefore serve as an example for the intimate interrelationship between humoral and neurohumoral mechanisms of blood pressure regulation.

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  1. Dept. of Pharmacology and Physiology, Univ. of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 366, D-6900, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany

    D. Ganten M.D. & G. Stock

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  1. D. Ganten M.D.
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Ganten, D., Stock, G. Humoral and neurohormonal aspects of blood pressure regulation: Focus on angiotensin. Klin Wochenschr 56 (Suppl 1), 31–41 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01477450

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