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Die endokrinen Zellen des Verdauungsapparats

The endocrine cells of the digestive system

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Summary

Endocrine cells occur in the digestive system as micro-organs (islets of Langerhans) or scattered throughout the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract (“diffuse endocrine epithelial organ” of Feyrter). These gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) endocrine cells synthesize — in addition to serotonin — a great variety of polypeptide hormones, which regulate both carbohydrate metabolism and digestive processes. The present review deals mainly with cytology and cytochemistry of GEP endocrine cells. A synopsis is presented of the 19 endocrine cell types identified to date, which includes their update nomenclature and their anatomical distribution pattern. Morphological-functional aspects of cell biology, pathology, and cytogenesis of these cells and their position within superimposed systems (APUD cells, paraneurons) are discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Endokrine Zellen kommen im Verdauungsapparat in Form von Mikro-Organen (Langerhans'sche Inseln) und als „diffuses endokrines epitheliales Organ“ (Feyrter), das heißt als im Epithelverband der Magendarmschleimhaut gelegene Einzelezellen vor. Diese gastro-entero-pankreatischen (GEP-) endokrinen Zellen synthetisieren neben Serotonin zahlreiche Polypeptidhormone, die zum einen systemisch wirken (Kohlenhydrat-Stoffwechsel) und zum andern der Regulierung der Verdauungstätigkeit dienen. Die vorliegende Übersicht befaßt sich vornehmlich mit der Zytologie und Zytochemie der GEP-endokrinen Zellen. Die bis heute bekannten 19 endokrinen Zelltypen werden entsprechend ihrem Verteilungsmuster nach der neuesten Nomenklatur synoptisch zusammengestellt. Außerdem werden morphologischfunktionelle Aspekte der Biologie, Pathologie und Zytogenese dieser Zellen sowie ihre Stellung innerhalb übergeordneter Systeme (APUD-Zellen, Paraneurone) diskutiert.

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Grube, D. Die endokrinen Zellen des Verdauungsapparats. Klin Wochenschr 60, 213–227 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01728340

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