Skip to main content
Log in

On the role of additive hormone monotherapy with tamoxifen, medroxyprogesterone acetate and aminoglutethimide, in advanced breast cancer

  • Originalien
  • Published:
Klinische Wochenschrift Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

We analyzed the results of clinical studies on the therapeutic efficacy of hormone monotherapy with tamoxifen, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and aminoglutethimide in metastatic breast cancer, which were published between 1971 and 1986 and involved altogether 7000 patients. The overall response rates in patients treated with these hormonal single agents at various dose levels ranged from 31%–42%. When only estrogen receptor-positive patients were considered, the response rates lay between 41% and 54% in groups which were treated with the antiestrogenic agents tamoxifen or aminoglutethimide. The duration of remission was 12 months for tamoxifen- and aminoglutethimide-treated women, whereas medroxy-progesterone acetate effected remissions lasting from 6–16 months. The overall mean survival from start of therapy in tamoxifen- and aminoglutethimide-treated groups was 20 months, whereas information concerning this therapeutic parameter was available only in a minority of medroxyprogesterone acetate-treated groups. With respect to the response by site of metastatic lesions, all three agents caused a significantly higher degree of remissions in the soft tissue as compared to visceral disease.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

AG:

Aminoglutethimide

MPA:

Medroxyprogesterone acetate

TAM:

Tamoxifen

References

  1. Asbury R, Bakemeier R, Fölsch E, McCuine C, Savlov E, Bennet J (1981) Treatment of metastatic breast cancer with aminoglutethimide. Cancer 47:1954–1958

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bastert G, Michel R (1983) Hochdosierte Gestagentherapie mit Medroxyprogesteronacetat beim metastasierenden Mammakarzinom. Med Welt 34:378–382

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bastert G, Michel R, Schmidt-Matthiesen H (1984) Medroxyprogesteronacetat in hoher Dosierung zur Therapie metastasierender Mammakarzinome. In: Schmidt C, Schmidt-Matthiesen H (eds) Medroxyprogesteronacetat in der Onkologie. Schattauer, Stuttgart New York, pp 9–23

    Google Scholar 

  4. Becher R, Miller A, Höffken K, Firusian N, Gerhold U, Schmidt C (1984) Hochdosierte Behandlung mit Medroxyprogesteronacetat beim metastasierenden Mammakarzinom: eine Phase-II Studie. In: Schmidt CG, Schmidt-Matthiesen H (eds) Medroxyprogesteronacetat (MPA) in der Onkologie. Schattauer, Stuttgart New York, pp 39–52

    Google Scholar 

  5. Beex L, Pieters G, Smals A, Koenders A, Benraad T, Kloppenborg P (1981) Tamoxifen versus ethinyl estradiol in the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rep 65:179–185

    Google Scholar 

  6. Beretta G, Tabiadon D, Tedeschi L, Luporini G (1982) Hormonotherapy of advanced breast carcinoma: comparative evaluation of tamoxifen citrate versus medroxyprogesterone acetate. In: Iacobelli S, Lippmann M, Robustelli Della Cuna G (1982) The role of tamoxifen in breast cancer. Raven Press, New York, pp 113–120

    Google Scholar 

  7. Castiglione M, Cavalli F (1980) Ergebnisse einer Pilotstudie mit hochdosiertem Medroxyprogesteronacetat in der Behandlung des metastasierenden Mammakarzinoms. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 110:1073–1076

    Google Scholar 

  8. Cavalli F, Goldhirsch A, Jungi F, Martz G, Alberto P (1983) Low- versus high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. In: Campio L, Robustelli della Cuna G, Taylor RW (eds) Role of medroxyprogesterone in endocrine-related tumors. Raven Press, New York, vol II, pp 69–75

    Google Scholar 

  9. Cavalli F, Goldhirsch A, Jungi F, Martz G, Mermillod B, Alberto P (1984) Randomized trial of low- versus high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in the induction treatment of postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2:414–419

    Google Scholar 

  10. Cole M, Jones C, Todd H (1971) A new antioestrogenic agent in late breast cancer: an early clinical appraisal of ICI46474. Br J Cancer 25:270–275

    Google Scholar 

  11. Cole M, Jones C, Todd H (1972) The treatment of advanced carcinoma of the breast with the antiestrogenic agent tamoxifen (ICI 46474) — a series of 96 patients. Advances in antimicrobial and antineoplastic chemotherapy (7th Int Congr Chemotherapy, Prague 1971). Urban-Schwarzenberg, München Berlin Wien, pp 529–531

    Google Scholar 

  12. Cortes-Funes H, Madrigal P, Perez-Mangas G, Mendiola C (1983) Medroxyprogesterone acetate at two different high doses for the treatment of advanced breast cancer. In: Campio L, Robustelli Della Cuna G, Taylor RW (eds) Role of medroxyprogesterone in endocrine-related tumors. Raven Press, New York, vol II, pp 77–82

    Google Scholar 

  13. De Lena M, Volonterio A (1982) Efficacy of tamoxifen in metastatic breast cancer — the experience of the national cancer institute of Milan. In: Iacobelli S, Lippmann M, Robustelli Della Cuna G (eds) The role of tamoxifen in breast cancer. Raven Press, New York, pp 65–72

    Google Scholar 

  14. DeLena M, Brambilla C, Valagussa P, Bonadonna G (1979) High-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in breast cancer resistant to endocrine and cytotoxic therapy. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2:175–180

    Google Scholar 

  15. Fabian C, Sternson L, El-Serafi M, Cain L, Hearne E (1981) Clinical pharmacology of tamoxifen in patients with breast cancer: correlation with clinical data. Cancer 48:876–882

    Google Scholar 

  16. Goldhirsch A, Cavalli F, Joss R, Ryssel H, Leuenberger U, Brunner K (1982) An evaluation of tamoxifen dose escalation in advanced breast cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 5:501–503

    Google Scholar 

  17. Harris A, Dowsett M, Smith I, Jeffcoate S (1983) Aminoglutethimide induced hormone suppression and response to therapy in advanced postmenopausal breast cancer. Br J Cancer 48:585–594

    Google Scholar 

  18. Harris A, Powles T, Smith I, Coombes R, Ford H, Gazet J, Harmer C, Morgan M, White H, Parsons C, McKinna J (1983) Aminoglutethimide for the treatment of advanced postmenopausal breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 19:11–17

    Google Scholar 

  19. Harris A, Dowsett M, Smith I, Jeffcoate S (1984) Hydrocortisone alone vs hydrocortisone plus aminoglutethimide: a comparison of the endocrine effects in postmenopausal breast cancer. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 20:463–469

    Google Scholar 

  20. Harvey H, Santen R, Osterman J, Samojlik E, White D, Lipton A (1979) A comparative trial of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy and estrogen suppression with aminoglutethimide in advanced breast cancer. Cancer 43:2207–2214

    Google Scholar 

  21. Harvey H, Lipton A, White D, Santen R, Boucher A, Shafik A, Dixon R (1982) Cross-over comparison of tamoxifen and aminoglutethimide in advanced breast cancer. Cancer Res 42 (Suppl): 3451s-3453s

    Google Scholar 

  22. Harvey H, Lipton A, Santen R (1986) Clinical studies with aminoglutethimide in advanced breast carcinoma. Acta Clin Belg 41 (Suppl II):29–40

    Google Scholar 

  23. Heuson J (1976) Current overview of EORTC clinical trials with tamoxifen. Cancer Treat Rep 60:1463–1466

    Google Scholar 

  24. Hoogstraaten B, Fletcher W, Gad-el-Mawla N, Maloney T, Altman S, Vaughn C, Foulkes M (1982) Tamoxifen and oophorectomy in the treatment of recurrent breast cancer. Cancer Res 42:4788–4791

    Google Scholar 

  25. Horsley S, Newsome H, Brown P, Neifeld J, Terz J, Lawrence W (1982) Medical adrenalectomy in patients with advanced breast cancer. Cancer 49:1145–1149

    Google Scholar 

  26. Ingle J, Ahmann D, Green S, Edmonson J, Bisel H, Kvols L, Nichols W, Creagan E, Hahn R, Rubin J, Frytak S (1981) Randomized clinical trial of diethylstilbestrol versus tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 304:16–21

    Google Scholar 

  27. Ingle J, Green S, Ahmann D, Edmonson J, Nichols W, Frytak S, Rubin J (1982) Progress report on two clinical trials in women with advanced breast cancer. Trial I: tamoxifen versus tamoxifen plus aminoglutethimide; trial II: aminoglutethimide in patients with prior tamoxifen exposure. Cancer Res 42 (Suppl):3461s-3467s

    Google Scholar 

  28. Ingle J, Green S, Ahmann D, Long H, Edmonson J, Rubin J, Chang M, Creagan E (1986) Randomized trial of tamoxifen alone or combined with aminoglutethimide and hydrocortisone in women with metastatic breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 4:958–964

    Google Scholar 

  29. Kiang D, Kennedy B (1977) Tamoxifen (antiestrogen) therapy in advanced breast cancer. Ann Int Med 87:687–690

    Google Scholar 

  30. Kühböck J, Ludwig H, Aiginger P, Linkesch W, Pötzi P (1982) Die Behandlung des metastasierenden Mammakarzinoms mit Aminoglutethimid. Acta Med Austriaca 9:221–226

    Google Scholar 

  31. Lawrence B, Lipton A, Harvey H, Santen R, Wells S, Cox C, White D, Smart E (1980) Influence of estrogen receptor status on response of metastatic breast cancer to aminoglutethimide therapy. Cancer 45:786–791

    Google Scholar 

  32. Legha S, Buzdar A, Hortobagyi G, Wiseman C, Benjamin R, Blumenschein G (1979) Tamoxifen: use in treatment of metastatic breast cancer refractory to combination chemotherapy. JAMA 242:49–52

    Google Scholar 

  33. Lerner H, Band P, Israel L, Leung B (1976) Phase II study of tamoxifen: report of 74 patients with stage IV breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rep 60:1431–1435

    Google Scholar 

  34. Lipton A, Harvey H, Santen R, Boucher A, White D, Bernath A, Dixon R, Richards G, Shafik A (1982) A randomized trial of aminoglutethimide versus tamoxifen in metastatic breast cancer. Cancer 50:2265–2268

    Google Scholar 

  35. Lipton A, Harvey H, Santen R, Boucher A, White D, Bernath A, Dixon R, Richards G, Shafik A (1982) Randomized trial of aminoglutethimide versus tamoxifen in metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res 42 (Suppl):3434s-3436s

    Google Scholar 

  36. Manni A, Pearson O (1980) Antiestrogen-induced remissions in premenopausal women with stage IV breast cancer: effects on ovarian function. Cancer Treat Rep 64:779–785

    Google Scholar 

  37. Manni A, Trujillo J, Marshall J, Pearson O (1976) Antiestrogen-induced remissions in stage IV breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rep 60:1445–1450

    Google Scholar 

  38. Manni A, Trujillo J, Marshall J, Brodkey J, Pearson O (1979) Antihormone treatment of stage IV breast cancer. Cancer 43:444–450

    Google Scholar 

  39. Matelski H, Greene R, Huberman M, Lokich J, Zipoli T (1985) Randomized trial of estrogen vs tamoxifen therapy for advanced breast cancer. Am J Clin Oncol 8:128–133

    Google Scholar 

  40. Mattsson W (1978) High dose medroxyprogesterone-acetate treatment in advanced mammary carcinoma. Acta Radiol Oncol 17:387–400

    Google Scholar 

  41. Mattsson W (1980) A phase III trial of treatment with tamoxifen versus treatment with high dose medroxyprogesterone-acetate in advanced postmenopausal breast cancer. In: Iacobelli S, Di Marco A (eds) Role of medroxyprogesterone in endocrine-related tumors. Raven Press, New York, pp 65–71

    Google Scholar 

  42. Milsted R, Habeshaw T, Kaye S, Sangster G, Macbeth F, Campbell-Ferguson J, Smith D, Calman K (1985) A randomised trial of tamoxifen versus tamoxifen with aminoglutethimide in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 14:272–273

    Google Scholar 

  43. Morgan L, Schein P, Woolley P, Hoth D, Macdonald J, Lippmann M, Posey L, Beazley R (1976) Therapeutic use of tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer: correlation with biochemical parameters. Cancer Treat Rep 60:1437–1443

    Google Scholar 

  44. Mouridsen H, Ellemann K, Mattsson W, Palshof T, Daehnfeldt J, Rose C (1979) Therapeutic effect of tamoxifen versus tamoxifen combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate in advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Cancer Treat Rep 63:171–175

    Google Scholar 

  45. Mouridsen H, Salimtschik M, Dombernowsky P, Gelshoj K, Palshof T, Rorth M, Daenfeldt J, Rose C (1980) Therapeutic effect of tamoxifen versus combined tamoxifen and diethylstilboestrol in advanced breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Eur J Cancer 16 (Suppl 1):107–110

    Google Scholar 

  46. Murray R, Pitt P (1981) Medical adrenalectomy in patients with advanced breast cancer resistant to anti-oestrogen treatment. Breast Cancer Res Treat 1:91–95

    Google Scholar 

  47. Murray R, Pitt P (1982) Aminoglutethimide in tamoxifen-resistant patients: the Melbourne experience. Cancer Res 42 (Suppl):3437s-3441s

    Google Scholar 

  48. Murray R, Pitt P, Jerums G (1981) Medical adrenalectomy with aminoglutethimide in the management of advanced breast cancer. Med J Aust 1:179–181

    Google Scholar 

  49. Newsome H, Brown P, Terz J, Lawrence W (1977) Medical and surgical adrenalectomy in patients with advanced breast carcinoma. Cancer 39:542–546

    Google Scholar 

  50. Pannuti F (1979) Die hochdosierte Gestagenbehandlung in der Therapie des fortgeschrittenen Mammakarzinoms. Onkologie 2:54–60

    Google Scholar 

  51. Pannuti F, Martoni A, Lenaz G, Piana E, Nanni P (1978) A possible new approach to the treatment of metastatic breast cancer: massive doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate. Cancer Treat Rep 62:499–504

    Google Scholar 

  52. Pannuti F, Martoni A, Di Marco A, Piana E, Saccani F, Becchi G, Mattioli G, Barbanti F, Marra G, Persiani W, Cacciari L, Spagnolo F, Palenzona D, Rocchetta G (1979) Prospective, randomized clinical trial of two different high dosages of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 15:593–601

    Google Scholar 

  53. Pannuti F, Martoni A, Fruet F, Strocchi E, Di Marco A (1980) Hormone therapy in advanced breast cancer: high dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) vs tamoxifen (TMX). Preliminary results. Eur J Cancer 16 (Suppl 1):93s-98s

    Google Scholar 

  54. Pannuti F, Di Marco A, Martoni A, Fruet F, Strocchi E, Burroni P, Rossi A, Cricca A (1980) Medroxyprogesterone acetate in treatment of metastatic breast cancer: seven years of experience. In: Iacobelli S, Di Marco A (eds) Role of medroxyprogesterone in endocrine-related tumors. Raven Press, New York, pp 73–92

    Google Scholar 

  55. Pannuti F, Martoni A, Fruet F, Burroni P, Canova N, Hall S (1982) Oral high dose medroxyprogesterone acetate versus tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. In: Iacobelli S, Lippmann M, Robustelli Della Cuna G (eds) The role of tamoxifen in breast cancer. Raven Press, New York, pp 85–92

    Google Scholar 

  56. Pannuti F, Gentili M, Di Marco A, Martoni A, Giambiasi M, Battistoni R, Camaggi C, Burroni P, Strocchi E, Iafelice G, Piana E, Murari G (1983) The results of treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate at high and very high doses in 237 metastatic breast cancer patients in postmenopause. In: Campio L, Robustelli Della Cuna, Taylor R (eds) Role of medroxyprogesterone in endocrine-related tumors. Raven press, New York, vol II, pp 95–103

    Google Scholar 

  57. Paridaens R, Van Haelen C, Heuson J (1980) Medical adrenalectomy with aminoglutethimide-cortisol in the treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 16 (Suppl 1):103s-106s

    Google Scholar 

  58. Petru E, Schmähl D (1986) On the relevance of “second-line” cytotoxic chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to standard combinations. Wien Klin Wochenschr 23:790–797

    Google Scholar 

  59. Petru E, Schmähl D (1987) Zur Bedeutung der Zusammensetzung verschiedener Kombinationsschemata bei der Chemotherapie des metastasierten Mammakarzinoms. Deutsch Med Wochenschr 112:270–275

    Google Scholar 

  60. Pouillart P, Jouve M, Palangie T, Garcia-Giralt E, Bretaudeau B, Magdelenat H, Asselain B (1984) Disseminated breast cancer: sequential administration of tamoxifen and medroxyprogesterone acetate, Results of a controlled trial. In: Pellegrini A (ed) Role of medroxyprogesterone in endocrine-related tumors. Raven Press, New York, vol 3, pp 141–155

    Google Scholar 

  61. Powels T, Gordon C, Coombes R (1982) Clinical trial of multiple endocrine therapy for metastatic and locally advanced breast cancer with tamoxifen-aminoglutethimide-danazol compared to tamoxifen used alone. Cancer Res 42 (Suppl):3458s-3460s

    Google Scholar 

  62. Powels T, Coombes R, Smith I (1984) Erfahrungen mit Aminoglutethimid in der Behandlung von Patientinnen mit metastasierendem Mammakarzinom. In: Nagel G, Schmitt-Matthiesen H, Drees N (eds) Aminoglutethimid: ein Antiöstrogen mit Aromatasehemmung. Zuckschwerdt, München, pp 35–40

    Google Scholar 

  63. Pritchard K, Meakin W, Myers R, Sutherland D, Mobbs B (1978) Tamoxifen and metastatic breast cancer. Ann Int Med 89:721–722

    Google Scholar 

  64. Pritchard K, Thomson D, Myers R, Sutherland D, Mobbs B, Meakin W (1980) Tamoxifen therapy in premenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rep 64:787–796

    Google Scholar 

  65. Robustelli Della Cuna G, Calciati A, Strada M, Bumma C, Campio L (1978) High dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) treatment in metastatic carcinoma of the breast: a dose-response evaluation. Tumori 64:143–149

    Google Scholar 

  66. Rose K, Theilade K, Boesen E, Salimtschik M, Dombernowsky P, Brünner N, Kjaer M, Mouridsen H (1982) Treatment of advanced breast cancer with tamoxifen: evaluation of the dose-response relationship at two dose levels. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2:395–400

    Google Scholar 

  67. Ross M, Buzdar A, Blumenschein G (1982) Treatment of advanced breast cancer with megestrol acetate after therapy with tamoxifen. Cancer 49:413–417

    Google Scholar 

  68. Santen R, Lipton A, Kendall J (1974) Successful medical adrenalectomy with amino-glutethimide. JAMA 230:1661–1665

    Google Scholar 

  69. Santen R, Worgul T, Samojlik E, Interrante A, Boucher A, Lipton A, Harvey H, White D, Smart E, Cox C, Wells S (1981) A randomized trial comparing surgical adrenalectomy with aminoglutethimide plus hydrocortisone in women with advanced breast cancer. N Engl J Med 305:545–551

    Google Scholar 

  70. Santen R, Worgul T, Lipton A, Harvey H, Boucher A, Samojlik E, Wells S (1982) Aminoglutethimide as treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced breast carcinoma. Ann Int Med 96:94–101

    Google Scholar 

  71. Savaraj N, Troner M (1980) Aminoglutethimide in the management of metastatic breast cancer. Med Pediatr Oncol 8:251–263

    Google Scholar 

  72. Sawka C, Pritchard K, Paterson A, Sutherland D, Thomson D, Shelley W, Myers R, Mobbs B, Malkin A, Meakin W (1986) Role and mechanism of action of tamoxifen in premenopausal women with metastatic breast carcinoma. Cancer Res 46:3152–3156

    Google Scholar 

  73. Smith I, Fitzharris B, Mc Kinna J (1978) Aminoglutethimide in treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma. Lancet II 23:646–649

    Google Scholar 

  74. Smith I, Coombes R, Ford M, Gazet J, Harmer C, Jones M, Mc Kinna J, Powles T (1980) Aminoglutethimide in the management of advanced breast cancer. Eur J Cancer (Suppl 1) 16:99s-101s

    Google Scholar 

  75. Smith I, Harris A, Morgan M, Gazet J, Mc Kinna J (1982) Tamoxifen versus aminoglutethimide in the treatment of advanced breast carcinoma. Cancer Res 42 (Suppl):3430s-3433s

    Google Scholar 

  76. Stewart H, Forrest A, Gunn J, Hamilton T, Langlands A, McFayden I, Roberts M (1980) The tamoxifen trial — a double-blind comparison with stilboestrol in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 16 (Suppl 1):83–88

    Google Scholar 

  77. Stewart J, Minton M, Rubens R (1982) Trial of tamoxifen at a dose of 40 mg daily after disease progression during tamoxifen therapy at a dose of 20 mg daily. Cancer Treat Rep 66:1445–1446

    Google Scholar 

  78. Tanaka M, Abe K, Ohnami S, Adachi I, Yamaguchi K, Miyakawa S (1978) Tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer; response rate, effect on pituitary hormone reserve and binding affinity to estrogen receptor. Jap J Clin Oncol 8:141–148

    Google Scholar 

  79. Troner M (1982) Aminoglutethimide in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Cancer Res 42 (Suppl):3402s-3404s

    Google Scholar 

  80. Veronesi A, Frustaci S, Tirelli U, Galligioni E, Trovo M, Crivellari D, Magri M, Figoli F, Talamini R, Tumolo S, Grigoletto E (1982) Tamoxifen therapy in locally advanced, inoperable T3–T4 breast carcinoma in 53 postmenopausal women. In: Iacobelli S, Lippmann M, Robustelli Della Cuna G (eds) The role of tamoxifen in breast cancer. Raven Press, New York, pp 107–111

    Google Scholar 

  81. Viladiu P, Bosch F, Benito E, Alonso M (1977) Antiestrogen tamoxifen in the treatment of advanced breast cancer: a series of 31 patients. Cancer Treat Rep 61:899–900

    Google Scholar 

  82. Wada T, Koyama H, Terasawa T (1981) Effect of tamoxifen in premenopausal Japanese women with advanced breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rep 65:728–729

    Google Scholar 

  83. Wander H, Bloosey C, Köbberling J, Nagel G (1983) Hochdosiertes Medroxyprogesteronacetat beim metastasierenden Mammakarzinom: Beziehung zwischen Krankheitsverlauf und Hormonprofilen. Klin Wochenschr 61:553–560

    Google Scholar 

  84. Ward H (1973) Anti-oestrogen therapy for breast cancer: a trial of tamoxifen at two dose levels. Br Med J 1:13–14

    Google Scholar 

  85. Wells S, Santen R, Lipton A, Haagensen D, Ruby E, Harvey H, Dilley W (1978) Medical adrenalectomy with aminoglutethimide. Ann Surg 178:475–484

    Google Scholar 

  86. Westerberg H (1980) Tamoxifen and fluoxymesterone in advanced breast cancer: a controlled clinical trial. Cancer Treat Rep 64:117–121

    Google Scholar 

  87. Westerberg H, Nordenskjöld B, Schryver A, Notter G (1976) Anti-oestrogen therapy of advanced mammary carcinoma. Acta Radiol Ther Phys Biol 15:513–518

    Google Scholar 

  88. Wiggans R, Wooley P, Smythe T, Hoth D, Macdonald J, Green L, Schein P (1979) Phase-II trial of tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 3:45–48

    Google Scholar 

  89. Willis K, London D, Ward H, Butt W, Lynch S, Rudd B (1977) Recurrent breast cancer treated with the antiestrogen tamoxifen: correlation between hormonal changes and clinical course. Br Med J 1:425–428

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Petru, E., Schmähl, D. On the role of additive hormone monotherapy with tamoxifen, medroxyprogesterone acetate and aminoglutethimide, in advanced breast cancer. Klin Wochenschr 65, 959–966 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01717830

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01717830

Key words

Navigation