Summary
Analysis of grain esterase isozymes in Chinese Spring aneuploid genotypes by IEF confirmed that genes on the long arms of chromosomes 3A, 3B and 3D (Est-5) control the production of 19 isozymes. Allelic variants have been found for the isozyme pattern controlled by each chromosome. Segregational data involving null alleles and complex phenotypic differences indicate that the wheat grain esterases are encoded by three compound and probably homoeoallelic loci, each capable of producing at least six different isozymes. In a sample of 138 hexaploid genotypes, seven alleles were distinguished.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ainsworth CC, Gale MD, Baird S (1983) The genetics of β-amylase isozymes in wheat. 1. Allelic variation among hexaploid varieties and intrachromosomal gene locations. Theor Appl Genet 66:39–49
Ainsworth CC, Gale MD, Miller TE (in preparation) The genetic control of grain esterases in hexaploid wheat. 2. Homoeologous genes in related species
Alexandrescu N, Saulescu N (1982) Esterase variability in kernels of Triticum aestivum cultivars. Rev Roum Biochim 19:93–100
Artemova NV (1982) Chromosomal control of the isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase, esterase and amylase in different rye varieties. Genetika 18:661–667
Barber HN, Driscoll CJ, Long PM, Vickery RS (1968) Protein genetics of wheat and homoeologous relationships of chromosomes. Nature 218:450–452
Barber HN, Driscoll CJ, Long PM, Vickery RS (1969) Gene similarity of the Triticineae and the study of segmental interchanges. Nature 222:897–898
Barber JW (1972) Chromosomal location of genes controlling esterase and malate dehydrogenase isozymes in Triticum. PhD Dissertation. North Dakota State University, USA
Belea A, Fejer O (1980) Evolution of wheat (Triticum L.) in respect to recent research. Acta Agron Acad Sci Hung 29:306–315
Bozzini A, Cubadda T, Quattrucci E (1973) Esterase in Triticum and some related species. In: Sears ER, Sears LMS (eds) Proc 4th Int Wheat Genet Symp Columbia, University of Missouri, pp 783–789
Coates PM, Mestriner MA, Hopkinson DA (1975) A preliminary genetic interpretation of the esterase isozymes of human tissues. Ann Hum Genet 39:1–20
Cubadda R, Bozzini A, Quattrucci E (1975) Genetic control of esterases in common wheat. Theor Appl Genet 45:290–293
Fedak G (1977) Increased homoeologous chromosome pairing in Hordeum vulgare X Triticum aestivum hybrids. Nature 266:529–530
Fejer O, Belea A (1978) Cytology and isoenzymes of some Triticum auto- and amphiploids. Wheat Inf Serv 47:41–44
Gale MD, Law CN, Chojecki AI, Kempton RA (1983) Genetic control of α-amylase production in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 64:309–316
Harris H, Hopkinson DA (1976) Handbook of enzyme electrophoresis in human genetics. Elsevier, New York
Hart, GE (1984) Biochemical loci of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum, 2n=42, Genomes AABBDD). Genet Maps (in press)
Jaaska V (1980) Electrophoretic survey of seedling esterases in wheats in relation to their phylogeny. Theor Appl Genet 56:273–284
Law CN, Payne PI (1983) Genetical aspects of breeding for improved grain protein content and type in wheat. J Cereal Sci 1:79–83
MacDonald T, Brewbaker JL (1974) Isoenzyme polymorphism in flowering plants. 9. The E5–E10 esterase loci of maize. J Hered 65:37–42
McFadden ES, Sears ER (1946) The origin of Triticum spelta and its free-threshing hexaploid relatives. J Hered 37:81–89
May CE, Vickery RS, Driscoll CJ (1973) Gene control in hexaploid wheat. In: Sears ER, Sears LMS (eds) Proc 4th Int Wheat Genet Symp Columbia, University of Missouri, pp 843–849
Nakai Y (1973) Isozyme variations in Aegilops and Triticum. 2. Esterase and acid phosphatase isozymes studied by the gel isoelectrofocusing method. Seiken Ziho 24:45–73
Nakai Y (1976) Isozyme variations in Aegilops and Triticum. 3. Chromosomal basis of the esterase isozyme production in different organs of Chinese Spring wheat. Bot Mag 89:219–234
Nakai Y (1977) Variations of esterase isozymes and some soluble proteins in diploids and their induced autotetraploids in plants. Jpn J Genet 52:171–181
Nakai Y (1978) The origin of the tetraploid wheats revealed from the study on esterase isozymes. In: Ramanujam S (ed) Proc 5th Int Wheat Genet Symp, vol 1. New Delhi, Indian Soc Genet Plant Breed, pp 108–119
Nakai Y (1979) Isozyme variations in Aegilops and Triticum. 4. The origin of the common wheats revealed from the study on esterase isozymes in synthesised hexaploid wheats. Jpn J Genet 54:175–189
Paulis JW, Wall JA (1979) Note on mill for pulverizing single kernels of cereals for isoelectric focusing. Cereal Chem 56:497–498
Schmidt-Stohn G, Wehling P (1983) Genetic control of esterase isoenzymes in Rye (Secale cereale L). Theor Appl Genet 64:109–115
Sears ER (1954) The aneuploids of common wheat. Mo Agric Exp Stn Res Bull 572:58
Sears ER (1966a) Nullisomic-tetrasomic combinations in hexaploid wheat. In: Riley R, Lewis KR (eds) Chromosome manipulations and plant genetics. Oliver and Boyd, London, pp 29–45
Sears ER (1966b) Chromosome mapping with the aid of telocentrics. Proc 2nd Int Wheat Genet Symp. Hereditas (Suppl) 2:370–381
Van der Jooste J, Moreland DE (1963) Preliminary characterisation of some plant carboxylic ester hydrolases. Phytochemistry 2:263–271
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by R. Riley
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ainsworth, C.C., Gale, M.D. & Baird, S. The genetic control of grain esterases in hexaploid wheat. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 68, 219–226 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00266893
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00266893