Summary
Restriction fragment patterns of mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) from 13 carrot cultivars (Daucus carota ssp. sativus), wild carrot (ssp. carota), ssp. gummifer, and D. capillifolius were compared with each other using four restriction endonucleases. The mtDNAs of the 13 carrot cultivars could be classified into three distinct types — I, II and III — and were also clearly distinguishable from the mtDNAs of wild carrot (type IV), gummifer (V) and D. capillifolius (VI). The proportions of common restriction fragments (F values) shared by two of the three mtDNA types (I, II and III) of carrot cultivars were approximately 0.5–0.6. The F values were 0.4–0.5 for mitochondrial genomes between wild carrot, ssp. gummifer and D. capillifolius. The mitochondrial genomes between wild carrot and the carrot cultivars showed closer homologies those between wild carrot, ssp. gummifer, and D. capillifolius. The diversity of the mitochondrial genomes among the carrot cultivars is too high to presume that it was generated from the cytoplasm of only one common ancestor during the relatively short history of carrot breeding. These results suggested that the three types of cytoplasms found in the carrot cultivars might have existed in a prototype of D. carota in pre-historical times.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Atchison BA, Whitfeld PR, Bottomley W (1976) Comparison of chloroplast DNAs by specific fragmentation with EcoRI endonuclease. Mol Gen Genet 148:263–269
Baatout H, Marrakchi M, Machieu C, Vedel F (1985) Variation of plastid and mitochondrial DNAs in the genus Hedysarum. Theor Appl Genet 70:577–584
Banga O (1957) The development of the original European carrot material. Euphytica 6:64–76
Borck KS, Walbot V (1982) Comparison of the restriction endonuclease digestion patterns of mitochondrial DNA from normal and male sterile cytoplasms of Zea mays L. Genetics 102:109–128
Cann RL, Stoneking M, Wilson AC (1987) Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution. Nature 325:31–36
DeBonte LR, Matthews BF, Wilson KG (1984) Variation of plastid and mitochondrial DNAs in the genus Daucus. Am J Bot 71:932–940
Hiroe M (1962) The Japanese carrot (in Japanese). Acta Phytotax Geobot 20:94–98
Holwerda BC, Jana S, Crosby WL (1986) Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA variation in Hordeum vulgare and Hordeum spontaneum. Genetics 114:1271–1291
Ichikawa H, Tanno-Suenaga L, Imamura J (1987) Selection of Daucus cybrids based on metabolic complementation between X-irradiated D. capillifolius and iodoacetamide-treated D. carota by somatic cell fusion. Theor Appl Genet 74:746–752
Katsumata H (1968) The differentiation and development of carrot cultivars (in Japanese). Nogyo Oyobi Engei 43:1225–1228; 1371–1375
Lebacq P, Vedel F (1981) Sall restriction enzyme analysis of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNAs in the genus Brassica. Plant Sci Lett 23:1–9
Levings CS III, Pring DR (1976) Restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA from normal and Texas cytoplasmic male-sterile maize. Science 193:158–160
Levings CS III, Pring DR (1977) Diversity of mitochondrial genomes among normal cytoplasms of maize. J Hered 68:350–354
Lonsdale DM (1984) A review of the structure and organization of the mitochondrial genome of higher plants. Plant Mol Biol 3:201–206
Lonsdale DM, Hodge TP, Fauron CM-R (1984) The physical map and organisation of the mitochondrial genome from the fertile cytoplasm of maize. Nucleic Acids Res 12:9249–9261
McClean PE, Hanson MR (1986) Mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence among Lycopersicon and related Solanum species. Genetics 112:649–667
McCollum GD (1975) Interspecific hybrid Daucus carota × D. capillifolius. Bot Gaz 136:201–206
Matthews BF, DeBonte LR (1985) Chloroplast and mitochondrial DNAs of the carrot and its wild relatives. Plant Mol Biol Rep 3:12–16
Mikami T, Kishima Y, Sugiura M, Kinoshita (1985) Organellar genome diversity in sugar beet with normal and different sources of male sterile cytoplasms. Theor Appl Genet 71:166–171
Nei M, Li W-H (1979) Mathematical model for studying genetic variation in terms of restriction endonucleases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 76:5269–5273
Palmer JD, Shields CR (1984) Tripartite structure of the Brassica campestris mitochondrial genome. Nature 307:437–440
Powling A (1982) Restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA from sugarbeet with normal and malesterile cytoplasms. Heredity 49:117–120
Quetier F, Vedel F (1977) Heterogenous population of mitochondrial DNA molecules in higher plants. Nature 268:365–368
Small E (1978) A numerical taxonomic analysis of the Daucus carota complex. Can J Bot 56:248–276
Stern DB, Palmer JD (1986) Tripartite mitochondrial genome of spinach: physical structure, mitochondrial gene mapping, and locations of transposed chloroplast DNA sequences. Nucleic Acids Res 14:5651–5666
Terachi T, Tsunewaki K (1986) The molecular basis of genetic diversity among cytoplasms of Triticum and Aegilops. 5. mitochondrial genome diversity among Aegilops species having identical chloroplast genomes. Theor Appl Genet 73:175–181
Vedel F, Quetier F, Bayen M (1976) Specific cleavage of chloroplast DNA from higher plants by EcoRI restriction nuclease. Nature 263::440–442
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by K. Tsunewaki
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ichikawa, H., Tanno-Suenaga, L. & Imamura, J. Mitochondrial genome diversity among cultivars of daucus carota (ssp. sativus) and their wild relatives. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 77, 39–43 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00292313
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00292313