Abstract
The synthesis of prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) by the mucosal and muscular portions of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and ascending colon, as well as that by mesenteric vessels, was investigated in starved and semistarved rats. The jejunal mucosa and muscularis showed a marked increase in PGI2 synthesis after fasting for 48 h and 72 h or semistarvation for 9 days when compared with controls. Jejunal TXA2 synthesis did not alter. In contrast, PGI2 and TXA2 synthesis in ileal mucosa and muscularis was significantly reduced after fasting for 48 h, 72 h and semistarvation for 9 days. PGI2 and TXA2 synthesis by duodenal and colonic muscularis was unaffected by fasting or semistarvation. PGI2 synthesis in mesenteric vessels was significantly increased by fasting and semistarvation. No changes in PGI2 or TXA2 were detected at 24 h in fasted rats in any of the tissues studied when compared with controls. These selective changes in PGI2/TXA2 secretion may be important mediators of adaptive changes in the small intestine in response to starvation.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barry BA, Matthews J, Smyth DH (1961) Transfer of glucose and fluid by different parts of the small intestine of the rat. J Physiol 157:279–288
Bridges RJ, Csaky TZ (1980) Effect of diet composition upon intestinal sugar and amino acid transport in semistarved rats. Physiologist 23(4):10
Coleman RA, Humphrey PPA, Kennedy I, Levy GP, Lumly P (1981) Comparison of the actions of U46619, a prostaglandin H2 analogue, with those of PGH2 and TXA2 on some isolated smooth muscle preparations. Br J Pharmacol 73:773–778
Crane RK, Mandelstam R (1960) The aktive transport of sugars by various preparations of hamster intestine. Biochim Biophys Acta 45:460–476
Debnam ES, Levin RJ (1975) Effects of fasting and semistarvation on the kinetics of active and passive sugar absorption across the small intestine in vivo. J Physiol 252:681–700
Debnam ES, Thompson CS (1984) The effect of fasting on the potential difference across the brush-border membrane of enterocytes in rat small intestine. J Physiol 355:449–456
Debnam ES, Thompson CS (1985) Effect of starvation on the localisation of valine uptake by the rat small intestine. J Physiol 369:195P
Dusting GJ, Moncada S, Vane JR (1978) Vascular actions of arachidonic acid and its metabolites in perfused mesenteric and femoral beds of the dog. Eur J Pharmacol 49:65–72
Gaion RM, Trento M (1983) The role of prostacyclin in modulating cholinergic neurotransmission in guinea pig ileum. Br J Pharmacol 80:279–286
Gallavan RH Jr, Chou CC, Kinetys PR, Sit SP (1980) Regional blood flow during digestion in the conscious dog. Am J Physiol 238:H220-H225
Hindmarsh JT, Kilby D, Ross B, Wiseman G (1967) Further studies on intestinal transport during semistarvation. J Physiol 188:207–218
Holgate AM, Read NW (1983) Relationship between small bowel transit time and absorption of a solid meal. Influence of metoclopramide, magnesium sulphate and lactulose. Dig Dis Sci 28:812–819
Jeremy JY, Mikhailidis DP, Dandona P (1985a) The effect of tiaprofenic acid and indomethacin on in vitro prostaglandin synthesis by rat, rabbit and human stomach tissue. Agents Actions 17:205–208
Jeremy JY, Barradas MA, Craft IL, Mikhailidis DP, Dandona P (1985b) Does human placenta produce prostacyclin. Placenta 6:45–52
Jeremy JY, Mikhailidis DP, Dandona P (1985c) Adrenergic modulation of vascular prostacyclin synthesis. Eur J Pharmacol 114:33–40
Jeremy JY, Mikhailidis DP, Dandona P (1986a) Muscarinic stimulation of prostacyclin synthesis by the rat penis. Eur J Pharmacol 123:67–71
Jeremy JY, Mikhailidis DP, Dandona P (1986b) The effect of nifedipine, nimodipine and nisoldipine on agonist- and traumastimulated vascular prostacyclin synthesis in vitro. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 332:70–73
Kauffman Jr GL, Whittle BJ (1982) Gastric vascular actions of prostanoids and the dual effect of arachidonic acid. Am J Physiol 242:G583-G587
Kotler DP, Levine GM, Shiau Y (1981) Effect of luminal nutrition and metabolic status on in vivo glucose absorption. Am J Physiol 250:G432-G436
Levin RJ (1984) Intestinal adaptation to dietary change as exemplified by dietary restriction studies in function and dysfunction of the small intestine. In: Batt RM, Lawrence TLJ (eds) Proc 2nd George Durrant Memorial Symposium. Liverpool Univ. Press, Liverpool, pp 77–93
Levinson RA, Englert E (1972) Small intestine absorption ofd-galactose and water in fasted and alloxan-diabetic rats. Experientia 28:1039
Mailman D (1982) Blood flow and intestinal absorption. Fed Proc 42:2096–2100
Nakahata N, Suzuki T (1981) Effects of prostaglandins E1, E2 and isoproterenol on the tissue cyclic AMP content in longitudinal muscle of rabbit intestine. Prostaglandins 22:159–165
Newey HP, Sanford PA, Smyth D (1970) Effect of fasting on intestinal transfer of sugars and amino acids in vitro. J Physiol 208:705–724
Poulakos L, Kent TH (1973) Gastric emptying and small intestinal propulsion in fed and fasted rats. Gastroenterol 64:962–967
Sanford PA, Smyth DH (1975) The effect of fasting on hexose transfer in the rat intestine. J Physiol 239:285–299
Sarr G, Kelly KA, Phillips SF (1980) Canine jejunal absorption and transit during interdigestive and motor states. Am J Physiol 239:G167-G172
Sit SP, Chou CC (1984) Time course of jejunal blood flow, O2 uptake, and O2 extraction during nutrient absorption. Am J Physiol 247:H395-H402
Soma M, Manku MS, Jenkins DK, Horrobin DF (1985) Prostaglandins and thromboxane outflow from the perfused mesenteric vascular bed in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Prostaglandins 29:323–333
Sonksen PH (ed) (1974) Radioimmunoassay and saturation analysis. Brit Med Bull
Steiner M, Bourges HR, Friedman LS, Gray SJ (1968) Effect of starvation on the tissue composition of the small intestine in the rat. Am J Physiol 215:75–97
Steiner M, Gray SJ (1969) Effect of starvation on intestinal amino acid absorption. Am J Physiol 217:747–752
Traverso LW, O'Benar JD, Buchalter CC (1984) Prostacyclin increases portal blood flow. Prostaglandins 28:679–693
Walus KM, Jacobson ED (1981) Relation between small intestinal motility and circulation. Am J Physiol 241:G1-G11
Winne D (1979) Influence of blood flow on intestinal absorption of drugs and nutrients. Pharmacol Ther 6:333–393
Whittle BJR, Kauffman GL, Moncada S (1981) Vasoconstriction with thromboxane A2 induces ulceration of the gastric mucosa. Nature 292:472–474
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jeremy, J.Y., Thompson, C.S. & Dandona, P. Differential regional changes of prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 synthesis in the intestinal tract of the fasted and semistarved rat. Pflugers Arch. 408, 68–72 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00581842
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00581842