Summary
Attempts were made to determine the afferent projections to the anterior hypothalamus including the preoptic area from the lower brain stem by means of the horseradish peroxidase method combined with monoamine oxidase staining to identify noradrenaline (NA) neurons. In addition to this technique, a histofluorescence analysis was performed. NA fibers in the medial part of the anterior hypothalamus were mainly supplied by A1 and A2 NA neuron groups, while the lateral part and periventricular zone received NA terminals from both pontine and medulla oblongata NA neuron groups. Furthermore, the present study indicated that there were direct projections to the anterior hypothalamus from non-noradrenergic neurons in the lower brain stem: nuclei raphe dorsalis, centralis superior, cells in the mesencephalic and pontine central gray matter, nuclei parabrachialis lateralis and medialis, cells around fasciculus longitudinalis medialis.
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Abbreviations
- CA:
-
Commissura anterior
- CO:
-
Chiasma opticum
- DP:
-
Decussatio pyramidum
- DPCS:
-
Decussatio pedunculorum cerebellarium superiorum
- F:
-
Columna fornicis
- FLM:
-
Fasciculus longitudinalis medialis
- FMT:
-
Fasciculus mamillothalamicus
- GCM:
-
Griseum centrale mesencephali
- GCP:
-
Griseum centrale pontis
- LL:
-
Lemniscus lateralis
- LM:
-
Lemniscus medialis
- PCM:
-
Pedunculus cerebellaris medius
- PCS:
-
Pedunculus cerebellaris superior
- TO:
-
Tractus opticus
- TS:
-
Tractus solitarius
- TVme:
-
Tractus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
- V:
-
Ventriculus tertius
- VTS:
-
Tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
- am:
-
nucleus ambiguus
- B:
-
Barrington nucleus
- com:
-
nucleus commissuralis
- cp:
-
nucleus caudatus putamen
- cs:
-
nucleus centralis superior
- ct:
-
nucleus corporis trapezoidei
- cu:
-
nucleus cuneatus
- dX:
-
nucleus dorsalis nervi vagi
- Gd:
-
nucleus tegmentalis dorsalis (von Gudden)
- gr:
-
nucleus gracilis
- Gv:
-
nucleus tegmentalis ventralis (von Gudden)
- ha:
-
nucleus hypothalamicus anterior
- hl:
-
nucleus hypothalamicus lateralis
- hpe:
-
nucleus periventricularis (hypothalami)
- hvm:
-
nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami
- lc:
-
nucleus locus coeruleus
- oi:
-
nucleus olivaris inferior
- p:
-
nucleus pontis
- pa:
-
nucleus paraventricularis
- pbl:
-
nucleus parabrachialis lateralis
- pbm:
-
nucleus parabrachialis medialis
- ph:
-
nucleus praepositus hypoglossi
- pol:
-
nucleus preopticus lateralis
- pom:
-
nucleus preopticus medialis
- pop:
-
nucleus preopticus periventricularis
- rd:
-
nucleus raphe dorsalis
- re:
-
nucleus reuniens
- rl:
-
nucleus reticularis lateralis
- rm:
-
nucleus raphe magnus
- ro:
-
nucleus raphe obscrus
- sc:
-
nucleus suprachiasmaticus
- so:
-
nucleus supraopticus
- st:
-
nucleus interstitialis striae terminalis
- td:
-
nucleus tractus diagonalis (Broca)
- ts:
-
nucleus tractus solitarii
- Vme:
-
nucleus mesencephalicus nervi trigemini
- Vmo:
-
nucleus motorius nervi trigemini
- Vts:
-
nucleus tractus spinalis nervi trigemini
- XII:
-
nucleus nervi hypoglossi
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Sakumoto, T., Tohyama, M., Satoh, K. et al. Afferent fiber connections from lower brain stem to hypothalamus studied by the horseradish peroxidase method with special reference to noradrenaline innervation. Exp Brain Res 31, 81–94 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00235806
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00235806