Abstract
Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes can only form d-malate from maleate after incubation of the cells with a solvent or a detergent. The effect of the detergent Triton X-100 on d-malate production was studied in more detail. The longer the cells were incubated with Triton X-100, the higher was the d-malate production activity, until the maximal malease activity was reached. Incubation of P. pseudoalcaligenes cells with Triton X-100 also resulted in an increase in the protein concentration of the supernatant, indicating that cell lysis had occurred. The rate at which the d-malate production activity increased was dependent on the Triton X-100 concentration and on the cell density. Also the rate at which lysis occurred depended on the Triton X-100 concentration.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Asano Y, Ueda M, Yamada H (1993) Microbial production of d-malate from maleate. Appl Environ Microbiol 59:1110–1113
Bradford MM (1976) A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72:248–254
Breddam K, Beenfeldt T (1991) Acceleration of yeast autolysis by chemical methods for production of intracellular enzymes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 35:323–329
Briese T, Hakenbeck R (1985) Interaction of the pneumococcal amidase with lipoteichoic acid and choline. Eur J Biochem 146:417–427
Cleveland RF, Daneo-Moore L, Wicken AJ, Shockman GD (1976) Effect of lipoteichoic acid and lipids on lysis of intact cells of Streptococcus faecalis. J Bacteriol 127:1582–1584
Cornett JB, Shockman GD (1978) Cellular lysis of Streptococcus faecalis induced with Triton X-100. J Bacteriol 135:153–160
Doyle RJ, Koch AL (1987) The functions of autolysins in the growth and division of Bacillus subtilis. Crit Rev Microbiol 15:169–222
Felix H (1982) Permeabilized cells. Anal Biochem 120:211–234
Harrison STL (1991) Bacterial cell disruption: a key unit operation in the recovery of intracellular products. Biotechnol Adv 9:217–240
Hartmans S, Smits JP, Werf MJ van der, Volkering F, Bont JAM de (1989) Metabolism of styrene oxide and 2-phenylethanol in the styrene-degrading Xanthobacter strain 124X. Appl Environ Microbiol 55:2850–2855
Heipieper H-J, Keweloh H, Rehm H-J (1991) Influence of phenols on growth and membrane permeability of free and immobilized Escherichia coli. Appl Environ Microbiol 57:1213–1217
Heipieper H-J, Weber FJ, Sikkema J, Keweloh H, Bont JAM de (1994) Mechanisms of resistance of whole cells to toxic organic solvents. Trends Biotechnol 12:409–415
Helenius A, Simons K (1975) Solubilization of membranes by detergents. Biochim Biophys Acta 415:29–79
Jackson RW, DeMoss JA (1965) Effects of toluene on Escherichia coli. J Bacteriol 90:1420–1425
Kay WW (1978) Transport of carboxylic acids. In: Rosen BP (ed) Bacterial transport. Microbiology series, vol 4. Dekker, New York, pp 385–411
Miozzari GF, Niederberger P, Hütter R (1978) Permeabilization of microorganisms by Triton X-100. Anal Biochem 90:220–233
Naglak TJ, Wang HY (1990) Recovery of a foreign protein from the periplasm of Escherichia coli by chemical permeabilization. Enzyme Microb Technol 12:603–611
Nakajima T, Manzen S, Shigeno T, Nakahara T (1993) Production of d-malic acid from maleic acid by resting cells of Ustilago sphaerogena strain S402. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 57:490–491
Nakayama K, Ushijima M (1993) d-Malic acid production from maleic acid using microorganism: screening of microorganism. Biotechnol Lett 15:271–276
Podvin L, Reysset G, Hubert J, Sebald M (1988) Presence of choline in teichoic acid of Clostridium acetobutylicum N1–4 and choline inhibition of autolytic functions. J Gen Microbiol 134:1603–1609
Prabhune AA, Rao BS, Pundle AV, SivaRaman H (1992) Immobilization of permeabilized Escherichia coli cells with penicillin acylase activity. Enzyme Microb Technol 14:161–163
Schnaitman CA (1971) Solubilization of the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli by Triton X-100. J Bacteriol 108:545–552
Seebach D, Hungerbühler E (1980) Syntheses of enantiomerically pure compounds (EPC syntheses). Tartaric acid, an ideal source of chiral blocks for syntheses? In: Scheffold R (ed) Modern synthetic methods, vol 2. Salle, Frankfurt am Main, pp 91–171
Sikkema J, Bont JAM de, Poolman B (1994) Interactions of cyclic hydrocarbons with biological membranes. J Biol Chem 269:8022–8028
Sixou S, Eynard N, Escoubas JM, Werner E, Teissié J (1991) Optimized conditions for electrotransformation of bacteria are related to the extent of electropermeabilization. Biochim Biophys Acta 1088:135–138
Tsuchido T, Svarachorn A, Soga H, Takano M (1990) Lysis and aberrant morphology of Bacillus subtilis cells caused by surfactants and their relation to autolysin activity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 34:781–785
Werf MJ van der, Tweel WJJ van den, Hartmans S (1992) Screening for microorganisms producing d-malate from maleate. Appl Environ Microbiol 58:2854–2860
Werf MJ van der, Tweel WJJ van den, Hartmans S (1993) Purification and characterization of maleate hydratase from Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes. Appl Environ Microbiol s59:2823–2829
Werf MJ van der, Hartmans S, Tweel WJJ van den (1995). The effect of the maleate counter-ion on malease activity: production of d-malate in a crystal-liquid two-phase system. Enzyme Microb Technol 17:430–436
Whitehead PR, Brown NL (1985) A simple and rapid method for screening bacteria for type II restriction endonucleases: enzymes in Aphanothece halophytica. Arch Microbiol 141:70–74
Yamamoto K, Tosa T, Yamashita K, Chibata I (1976) Continuous production of l-malic acid by immobilized Brevibacterium ammoniagenes cells. Eur J Appl Microbiol 3:169–183
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
van der Werf, M.J., Hartmans, S. & van den Tweel, W.J.J. Permeabilization and lysis of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes cells by Triton X-100 for efficient production of d-malate. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 43, 590–594 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00164759
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00164759