Skip to main content
Log in

Lack of effect of levamisole on the immune function in melanoma patients

  • Original Articles
  • Published:
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

The immune function of 24 patients with local and regional melanoma receiving levamisole as adjuvant treatment was followed during 12–36 months. There were only minimal changes in the number of the peripheral blood lymphocytes and of E-rosette-forming cells. There was no essential improvement in the responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), and purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) during levamisole treatment. Only eight of 24 patients were without recurrence during the observation time of 12–36 months. Our results indicate that adjuvant levamisole therapy in melanoma patients does not exert significant beneficial effects.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Amery WK (1977) Levamisole as an immunotherapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer. World J Surg 1:597

    Google Scholar 

  2. Amery WK, Cosemans J, Gooszen HC, Lopes Cardozo E, Louwagie A, Stam J, Swierenga J, Vanderschueren RG, Veldhuizen RW (1979) Adjuvant immunotherapy with levamisole in resectable lung cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 7:191

    Google Scholar 

  3. Asantila T, Toivanen P (1974) Potentiation by fluorodeoxyuridine of 125I-deoxyuridine uptake by human and chicken lymphocytes in the quantitation of mitogenic response. J Immunol Methods 6:73

    Google Scholar 

  4. Clara R, Germames J (1977) Levamisole and agranulocytosis. Lancet 1:47

    Google Scholar 

  5. Coates AS, Klopp RG, Zarling JM, Borden EC, Crowley JJ, Carbone PP (1979) Immunologic function during adjuvant BCG immunotherapy for malignant melanoma: induction of anergy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 7:175

    Google Scholar 

  6. Golub SH, Holmes EC (1979) In vitro assays of immunocompetence in patients with lung cancer treated with levamisole. Cancer Immunol Immunother 7:143

    Google Scholar 

  7. Helander I, Nordman E, Häkkinen IPT, Toivanen A (1979) Prolonged BCG treatment of melanoma: does it suppress the immune capacity? Br J Dermatol 101:421

    Google Scholar 

  8. Jondal M, Holm G, Wigzell H (1972) Surface markers on human T and B lymphocytes. I. A large population of lymphocytes forming non-immune rosettes with sheep red blood cells. J Exp Med 136:207

    Google Scholar 

  9. Klefström P (1980) Combination of levamisole immunotherapy and polychemotherapy in advanced breast cancer. Cancer Treat Rep 64:65

    Google Scholar 

  10. Lamoureux G, Poisson R, Desrosiers M (1976) An antagonistic side-effect of BCG immunotherapy: induction of immunological anergy. In: Lamoureux G, Turcotte R, Portelance V (eds) BCG in cancer immunotherapy. Grune & Stratton, New York, p 167

    Google Scholar 

  11. Mastrangelo MJ, Bellet RE, Laucios JF, Berkelhammer J (1976) Immunotherapy of malignant melanoma: a review. In: Sutnick AI, Engström PF (eds) Oncologic medicine. University Park Press, Baltimore, p 71

    Google Scholar 

  12. Mathé G, Amiel JL, Schwarzenberg L, Schneider M, Cattan A, Schlumberger JR, Hayat M, de Vassal F (1969) Active immunotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Lancet 1:697

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Nathanson L (1972) Regression of intradermal malignant melanoma after intralesional injection of Mycobacterium bovis strain BCG. Cancer Chemother Rep 56:659

    Google Scholar 

  14. Nordman E, Toivanen A (1978) Effects of irradiation on the immune function in patients with mammary, pulmonary or head and neck carcinoma. Acta Radiol Oncol Radiat Phys Biol 17:3

    Google Scholar 

  15. Nordman E, Saarimaa H, Toivanen A (1978) The influence of 5-fluorouracil on cellular and humoral immunity in cancer patients. Cancer 41:64

    Google Scholar 

  16. Olivari AJ, Glait HM, Guardo A, Califano L, Pradier R (1979) Levamisole in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Treat Rep 63:983

    Google Scholar 

  17. Olsen G (1966) The malignant melanoma of the skin. Acta Chir Scand [Suppl 365]

  18. Pakkanen M (1977) Survival rates of patients with malignant melanoma of the skin. Ann Chir Gynecol 66:31

    Google Scholar 

  19. Renoux G, Renoux M, Teller MN, Momahon S, Guillaumin JM (1976) Potentiation of T-cell mediated immunity by levamisole. Clin Exp Immunol 25:288

    Google Scholar 

  20. Rojas AF, Feierstein JN, Mickiewicz E, Glait H, Olivari AJ (1976) Levamisole in advanced human breast cancer. Lancet 1:7953

    Google Scholar 

  21. Ruuskanen O, Remes M, Mäkelä AL, Toivanen A (1976) Levamisole and agranulocytosis. Lancet 2:958

    Google Scholar 

  22. Shibata HR, Jerry LM, Lewis MG, Mansell PWA, Cabek A, Marquis G (1976) Immunotherapy of human malignant melanoma with irradiated tumor cells, oral Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Levamisole. Ann NY Acad Sci 277:355

    Google Scholar 

  23. Sparks FC, Silverstein MJ, Hunt JS, Morton DL (1973) Complications of BCG immunotherapy in patients with cancer. N Engl J Med 289:827

    Google Scholar 

  24. Spitler LE, Sagebiel R (1980) A randomized trial of levamisole versus placebo as adjuvant therapy in malignant melanoma. N Engl J Med 303:1143

    Google Scholar 

  25. Symoens J, Rosenthal M (1977) Levamisole in the modulation of the immune response: the current experimental and clinical state. J Reticuloendothel Soc 21:175

    Google Scholar 

  26. Ward H (1976) Levamisole in the treatment of cancer. Lancet 1:594

    Google Scholar 

  27. Wilkins SA, Olkowski ZL (1977) Immunocompetence of cancer patients treated with levamisole. Cancer 39:487

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Toivanen, A., Lassila, O. & Nordman, E. Lack of effect of levamisole on the immune function in melanoma patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 10, 191–195 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00205519

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00205519

Keywords

Navigation