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In this context the term optical pumping is extended to encompass various techniques in which a significant fraction of the output power at γ-ray frequencies is derived from an input at optical frequencies (i.e. from conventional lasers)
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Srinivasan, T., Egger, H., Boyer, K. et al. New lasers, VUV sources. Appl. Phys. B 28, 198–207 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00697846
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00697846