Summary
Callianassa californiensis has two hemocyanins present in the blood, a 39 S form and a 17 S form. It does not regulate major blood ions with decreasing salinity, thus the ion levels can drop dramatically in winter when estuarine seawater becomes more dilute. Its hemocyanin shows remarkably little functional change when salinity is reduced from 35‰ to 17.5‰. At normal blood pH (∼ 8.2 at 10°C) the affinity decreases from 2.5 to 4.5 mm Hg with lowered salinity. The Bohr effect curves at both salinities have a complex biphasic shape with an average slope of −1.59, but they differ in affinity so they are parallel through the pH range 7.0 to 9.0. Cooperativity remains the same at every pH for the two Bohr series with maximumn H≅3.5 at physiological pH. There is no change in blood pH at low salinity. The 39 S and 17 S hemocyanins have similar affinities but the cooperative behavior is different. Adding NaCl and KCl to physiological levels slightly decreases affinity compared to MgCl2 and CaCl2 alone. Lowering temperature increases affinity.
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Miller, K.I., Van Holde, K.E. The effect of environmental variables on the structure and function of hemocyanin fromCallianassa californiensis . J Comp Physiol B 143, 253–260 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00797705
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00797705