Abstract
A scapolite+amphibole+clinopyroxene+Fe-Ti oxide+apatite association has been found as megacrysts in tephra from the Enval-Volvic volcanic line, east of the Chaîne des Puys (Massif Central, France) and in the cinder cone of the Segueïka volcano (Atakor, Algeria). In both kinds, lavahosts are basanites. Although never seen together in a single xenolith, a study of their inclusions indicates close genetic relationship between all 5 phases. This association must be considered as a paragenesis that crystallized within a narrow PT range. Volcanological, petrological and geochemical data suggest that these megacrysts are high-pressure phenocrysts rather than mechanically desintegrated fragments derived from coarse rocks. The composition of the amphibole suggests a pressure between 5 and 15 kb; Fe-Ti oxides imply a temperature close to 1,100° C.
Crystallization of sulfur-rich scapolite involves a high fSO3, and therefore a high fO2, remarkable for such relatively undifferenciated alkalic magmas. Coexisting Fe-Ti oxides indicate a fO2 close to 10−6 bar. Such conditions imply that H2O was a major component of the gaseous phase. This high water content can be explained in terms of derivation from an hydrated upper mantle source. This is in agreement with other petrological evidences indicating that the basic magmas of the Massif Central crystallized under high fSO3 conditions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson AT (1968) The oxygen fugacity of alkaline basalt and related magmas, Tristan da Cunha. Am J Sci 266:704–727
Aoki K (1963) The kaersutites and oxykaersutites from alkalic rocks of Japan and surrounding areas. J Petrol 4:198–210
Basu AR, Murthy VR (1977) Kaersutites, suboceanic low velocity zone, and the origin of mid oceanic ridge basalts. Geology 5:365–368
Best MB (1974) Mantle derived amphibole within inclusion in alkalic basaltic lavas. J Geophys Res 79:2107–2113
Bizouard H, Metrich N, Clocchiatti T (1979) Minéralogie comparée des nappes de ponces d'Avellino et de Pompéi, Vésuve (Italie). Découverte d'une paragenèse à scapolite, cancrinite, mélanite d'origine magmatique. 7ème RAST, Lyon, p 56. Soc Geol Fr éd, Paris
Boivin P (1980) Données expérimentales préliminaires sur la stabilité de la rhönite à 1 atm. Application aux gisements naturels. Bull Miner 103:491–502
Boivin P, Camus G, Lenat JF (1978) Un alignement volcanique original à proximité de la Chaîne des Puys: la fissure éruptive Enval-Volvic. 6ème RAST Orsay, p 45. Soc Géol France ed, Paris
Bottinga Y, Hirn A, Steinmetz L (1973) Implications de l'existence d'un canal à moindre vitesse sous le Moho. Bull Soc Geol France XV, 5–6:500–505
Brady JB, Stout JH (1980) Normalizations of thermodynamic properties and some implications for graphical and analytical problems in petrology. Am J Sci 280:173–189
Brousse F, Nativel P (1963) Une picrite ankaratrite lamprophyrique près de St Micaud (Saône et Loire). CR Acad Sci Paris 257:479–481
Brousse R, Rudel A (1964) Bombes de péridotites, de norites, de charnockites et de granulites dans les scories du puy de Beaunit. CR Acad Sci Paris 257:479–481
Buddington AF, Lindsley DH (1964) Iron-titanium oxide minerals and synthetic equivalents. J Petrol 5:310–357
Burley BI, Freeman EF, Shaw DM (1961) Studies on Scapolite. Canadian Mineral 6:670–679
Burnham CW (1975) Water and magmas: a mixing model. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 39:1077–1084
Burnham, CW, Holloway JR, Davis NF (1969) Thermodynamic properties of water to 1,000° C and 10,000 bars. Geol Soc Am, Spec Pap 132:1–96
Calkins FC (1909) Primary scapolite in igneous rocks. Science 29:946–947
Camus G (1975) La Chaîne des Puys (Massif Central français). Etude structurale et volcanologique. Thèse Doc Etat, Clermont, 322 p Ann Univ Clermont, n∘ 56
Camus G, Vincent PM (1973) Le Chuquet Genestoux et les projections palagonitiques du maar d'Enval. Rev Sci Nat d'Auvergne 39:1–12
Carmichael ISE, Nicholls J (1967) Iron titanium oxydes and oxygen fugacities in volcanic rocks. J Geophys Res 72:4665–4687
Cawthorn RG, Collerson KD (1974) The recalculation of pyroxene End-Member parameters and the estimation of ferrous and ferric iron content from electron microprobe analyses. Am Mineral 59:1203–1208
Chaigneau H, Tazieff H, Farbe P (1960) Composition des gaz volcaniques du lac de lave permanent du Nyiragongo (Congo Belge). CR Acad Sci Paris 260:2482–2485
Conquere F, Girod M (1968) Contribution à l'étude des paragenèses précoces des basaltes alcalins: les spinelles du volcan de l'Oued Temorte (Massif de l'Atakor, Sahara algérien). Contrib Mineral Petrol 20:1–29
Darvich Zad A (1971) Les amphiboles et les minéraux associés dans les laves basaltiques du Massif Central français. Thèse III cycle, Clermont-Ferrand 173 p
Edwards AC, Lovering JF, Ferguson J (1979) High pressure basic inclusion from the Kayrunnera kimberlitic diatreme in New South Wales, Australia. Contrib Mineral Petrol 69:185–192
Evans BW, Shaw DM, Haughton DR (1969) Scapolite stoichiometry. Contrib Mineral Petrol 24:293–305
Girod M (1971) Le massif volcanique de l'Atakor (Hoggar, Sahara algérien). Etude pétrographique, structurale et volcanologique. Centre de Recherche sur les zones arides, série géologie n∘ 12, 158 p, Edition CNRS Paris
Glangeaud P (1913) Les régions volcaniques du Puy de Dôme. II La Chaîne des Puys et la Petite Chaîne des Puys. Bull Serv Carte Geol Fr 135, XXII:241–496
Goldsmith JR, Newton RC (1977) Scapolite-plagioclase stability relations at high pressures and temperatures in the system NaAlSi3O8-CaAl2Si2O8CaCO3-CaSO4. Am Mineral 62:1063–1081
Hamm HM, Vielen K (1971) Zur Berechnung der kristallchemischen Formel und des Fe3+-Gehaltes von Klinopyroxen aus Elektronenstrane Mikroanalysen. Neues Jahrb Mineral 7:310–314
Hariya Y, Terada S (1973) Stability of richterite50-tremolite50 solid solution at high pressures and possible presence of sodium calci amphiboles under mantle conditions. Earth Planet Sci Lett 18:72–76
Herzberg CT (1976) The plagioclase — Lherzolite to spinel — Lherzolite facies boundary; its bearing on corona structure formation and tectonic history in the Norwegian caledonides. Progress in Experimental Petrology. Nat Env Res Cunc D 61976:233–235
Hirn A (1976) Sondages sismiques profonds en France. Bull Soc Geol France VIII, 5:1065–1071
Hubner JS, Sato M (1970) The oxygen fugacity temperature relationship of manganese and nickel oxide buffers. Am Mineral 55:934–952
Iiyama JT (1959) Présence de scapolites dans les projections volcaniques de la carrière du Chuquet-Genestoux (P de D). Bull Soc Fr Mineral Cristallogr 82:95–96
Irvine TN, Baragar WRA (1971) A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks. Can J Earth Sci 8:523–548
Irving A (1974) Megacrysts from the newer basalts and other basaltic rocks of south-eastern Australia. Geol Soc Am Bull 85:1503–1514
Irving AJ (1980) Petrology and geochemistry of composite ultramafic xenoliths in alkalic basalts and implications for magmatic processes within the mantle. Am J Sci 280, A, 2 “The Jackson Volume”, p 389–426
Kieffer G (1970) Le volcan pépéritique d'Hubel (Lembron, P de D). Rev Sci Nat Auvergne 36:3–23
Von Knorring O, Kennedy WQ (1958) The mineral paragenesis and metamorphic status of granit-hornblende-pyroxene-scapolite gneiss from Ghana (Gold Coast). Mineral Mag 31:846–859
Kushiro I, Yoder HS (1966) Anorthite-forsterite and anorthite enstatite reactions and their bearing on the basalt-eclogite transformation. J Petrol 7:337–362
Lacroix A (1893) Les enclaves des roches volcaniques. Annales de l'Académie de Mâcon. TX. Ed. Protat frères. Mâcon, 710p 8 pl
Leake B (1978) Nomenclature of amphibole. Am Mineral 66:1023–1052
Lin SB (1977a) Chemistry of scapolite group and its relationship to petrogenesis. Acta Geol Taiwanica. Science reports of the national Taiwan University 19:29–37
Lin SB (1977b) The Si-Al ordering in the end member meionite of scapolite solid solution. Acta Geol. Taiwanica. Science reports of the national Taiwan University 19:50–54
Lovering JF, White AJR (1964) The significance of primary scapolite in granulitic inclusions from deep-seated pipes. J Petrol 5:195–218
Lovering JF, White A Jr (1969) Granulitic and eclogitic inclusions from basic pipes at Delegate, Australia. Contrib Mineral Petrol 21:9–52
Maury RC (1976) Contamination (par l'encaissant et les enclaves) et cristallisation fractionnée de séries volcaniques alcalines, continentales (Massif Central français) et océaniques (Pacifique central): l'origine des laves acides. Thèse, Univ Paris XI, Orsay, 455 p
Maury RC, Brousse R (1978) Présence de pigeonite et d'orthopyroxène dans certaines laves du Massif Central français: leur répartition et leur origine. Bull Mineral 101:10–21
Mel'nik YP (1972) Thermodynamic parameters of compressed gases and metamorphic reactions involving water and carbon dioxide. Geochem Int 9:419–426
Merrill RB, Wyllie PJ (1975) Kaersutite and kaersutite eclogite from Kakanui, New Zealand, Water excess and water deficient melting to 30 Kb. Geol Soc Am, Bull 86:555–570
Millhollen GL (1974) Synthesis of scapolite under magmatic conditions. Am. Mineral 59, 5–6:618–620
Mysen BO (1975) Solubility of volatiles in silicate melts at high pressure and temperature: the role of carbon dioxide and water in feldspar, pyroxene and feldspathoïd. Carnegie Inst Washington Yearb 74:454–468
Mysen BO, Boettcher AL (1975) Melting of a hydrous mantle: II Geochemistry of crystals and liquids formed by anatexis of mantle peridotite at high pressures and high temperatures as a fonction of controlled activities of water, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. J Petrol 16, 3:549–593
Nicholls J, Carmichael ISE, Stormer JC (1971) Silica activity and Ptotal in igneous rocks. Contrib Mineral Petrol 33:1–20
Okrusch M, Schroder B, Schnutgena (1979) Granulite-facies metabasite ejecta in the Laacher See area, West Germany. Lithos 12:251–270
Perrier G, Ruegg JC (1973) Structure profonde du Massif Central français. Ann Geophys 29, 4:435–502
Peterson RC, Donnay G, Lepagey (1979) Sulfate disorder in scapolite. Can Mineral 17:53–61
Powell R, Powell M (1977) Geothermometry and oxygen barometry using coexisting iron titanium oxides: a reappraisal. Mineral Mag 41:257–263
Prevost M, Mergoil J (1973) Crystallization trend of titanomagnetite in an alkali basalt from Saint-Clément (Massif Central français). Mineral Mag 39:474–481
Ravier J (1959) Le métamorphisme des terrains secondaires des Pyrénées. Mem Soc Geol Fr XXXVII, 86
Robie RA, Hemingway BS, Fisher JR (1979) Thermodynamic properties of minerals and related substances at 298.15 K and 1 bar (105 Pascal) pressure and at higher temperatures. Geol Surv Bull 1452, Washington, USA (1978), 2nd Ed
Roedder E (1965) Liquid CO2 inclusions in olivine bearing nodules and phenocrysts from basalts. Am Mineral 50:1746–1782
Rollingson HR (1980) Mineral reactions in a granulite facies calesilicate rock from Scourie. Scott J Geol 16:153–164
Schneider A (1970) The sulfur isotope composition of basaltic rocks. Contrib Mineral Petrol 25:95–124
Shaw DM (1960) The geochemistry of scapolite. Part I: Previous work and general mineralogy. J Petrol 1, 2:218–260
Smith JV (1974) Feldspars Minerals. 1 Crystal structure and physical properties. Springer Verlag, 627 p
Ulbrich HH (1973) Crystallographic data refractive indices of scapolites. Am Mineral 58:81–92
Vaughan DJ, Craig JR (1978) Mineral chemistry of metal sulfides. Harland WB Ed Cambridge University Press, Cambridge GB, 493 p
Wass SY (1979) Multiple origins of clinopyroxenes in alkali basaltic rocks. Lithos 12:115–132
Wass S, Rogers NW (1980) Mantle metasomatism-precursor to continental alkaline volcanism. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 44:1811–1823
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Boivin, P., Camus, G. Igneous scapolite-bearing associations in the Chaîne des Puys, Massif Central (France) and Atakor (Hoggar, Algeria). Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 77, 365–375 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371565
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00371565