Summary
Fluorescence microscopical studies with the procedure of Falck and Hillarp have confirmed previous observations concerning the appearance of neurones with green and yellow specific fluorescence in the central and peripheral nervous system ofLumbricus terrestris.
Chemical estimates show that the fluorescent neurones contain the primary catecholamines dopamine and noradrenaline, in addition to an indolamine, presumably 5-hydroxytryptamine. Rude's opinion that dopamine is present in a concentration twice that of noradrenaline is confirmed.
Microspectrofluorometric analyses of the neurones displaying green specific fluorescence show two types of neurones, one presumably containing dopamine (mainly the receptor cells, certain small and some of the large cells in the cerebral ganglion). Some of the large cells of the cerebral ganglion and the bipolar cells near the base of the second segmental nerve in the ventral nerve cord show characteristics compatible with the simultaneous presence of both noradrenaline and dopamine in them.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bertler, Å., Carlsson, A., Rosengren, E., Waldeck, B.: A method for the fluorimetric determination of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine in tissues. Kgl. Fysiogr. Sällsk. Lund Förh.28, (12), 121–123 (1958).
—, Rosengren, E.: Occurrence and distribution of catecholamines in brain. Acta physiol. scand.47, 350–361 (1959).
Bianchi, S.: Sur la présence d'un matériel fluorescent dans les cellules nerveuses des ganglions du système nerveux central de quelques oligochètes. Recherches histochimiques et d'histospectrographie de fluorescence. Ann. Histochim., Suppl.2, 143–145 (1962).
—: Sulle cellule fluorescenti dei gangli nervosi di alcuni lumbricidae. Riv. Istochim. norm. pat.9, 555–570 (1963).
—: Neurosecrezione e sostance fenoliche nei gangli degli anellidi. II. Ricerche sugli Oligocheti (Octolasium complanatum Dugès). Atti Soc. Peloritana Sci. fis. mat. nat.10, 327–336 (1964).
—: The amine secreting neurons in the central nervous system of the earthworm (Octalasium complanatum) and their possible neurosecretory role. Gen. comp. Endocr.9, 343–348 (1967).
Björklund, A., Ehinger, B., Falck, B.: A method for differentiating dopamine from noradrenaline in tissue sections by microspectrofluorometry. J. Histochem. Cytochem.16, 263–270 (1968).
- - - Analysis of fluorescence excitation peak ratios for the cellular identification of noradrenaline, dopamine, or their mixtures. J. Histochem. Cytochem. In press (1972).
—, Falck, B., Owman, Ch.: Fluorescence microscopic and microspectrofluorometric techniques for the cellular localization and characterization of biogenic amines. In: Methods of investigative and diagnostive endocrinology (ed.: I. Kopin). Amsterdam: North Holland Publ. Co. In press (1971).
Clark, M. E.: Histochemical localization of monoamines in the nervous system of the polychaeteNephtys. Proc. roy. Soc. B165, 308–325 (1966).
Corrodi, H., Hillarp, N.- Å., Jonsson, G.: Fluorescence methods for the demonstration of monoamines. 3. Sodium borohydride reduction of the fluorescent compounds as a specificity test. J. Histochem. Cytochem.12, 582–586 (1964).
—, Jonsson, G.: The formaldehyde fluorescence method for the histochemical demonstration of biogenic monoamines. J. Histochem. Cytochem.15, 65–78 (1967).
Dahl, E., Falck, B., Mecklenburg, C. v., Myhrberg, H.: Adrenergic sensory neurons in invertebrates. Gen. comp. Endocr.3, 693 (1963a).
— — — —: An adrenergic nervous system in sea anemones. Quart. J. micr. Sci.104, 531–534 (1963b).
— — — — Rosengren, E.: Neuronal localization of dopamin and 5-hydroxytryptamine in some mollusca. Z. Zellforsch.71, 489–498 (1966).
Ehinger, B., Falck, B., Myhrberg, H. E.: Biogenic monoamines inHirudo medicinalis. Histochemie15, 140–149 (1968).
Erspamer, V.: 5-hydroxytryptamine. In: Comparative endocrinology (eds. U. S. v. Euler and H. Heller), vol.2, p. 159–181. New York: Academic Press 1963.
Euler, U. S. v.: Noradrenalin und Histamin als Wirkstoffe vegetativer Nerven. Z. Vitamin-, Hormon- u. Fermentforsch.2, 596–608 (1949).
—: Noradrenaline (Arterenol), adrenal medullary hormone and chemical transmitter of adrenergic nerves. Ergebn. Physiol.46, 261–307 (1950).
—: Occurrence of catecholamines in Acrania and invertebrates. Nature (Lond.)190, 170–171 (1961).
Falck, B.: Observations on the possibilities of the cellular localization of monoamines by a fluorescence method. Acta physiol. scand.56, Suppl. 197, 1–25 (1962).
- Owman, Ch.: A detailed methodological description of the fluorescence method for the cellular demonstration of biogenic monoamines. Acta Univ. Lund., Sect. II, No. 7, 1–23 (1965).
Gaskell, J. F.: The chromaffin system of annelids and the relation of this system to the contractile vascular system in the leech,Hirudo medicinalis. Phil. Trans. B205, 153–211 (1914).
Häggendal, J.: An improved method for fluorometric determination of small amounts of adrenaline and noradrenaline in plasma and tissues. Acta physiol. scand.59, 242–254 (1963).
Kerkut, G. A., Sedden, C. B., Walker, R. J.: Cellular localization of monoamines by fluorescence microscopy inHirudo medicinalis andLumbricus terrestris. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.21, 687–690 (1967).
Lancaster, S.: Nature of the chromaffin cells in certain annulates and arthropods. Trans. Amer. micr. Soc.58, 90–96 (1939).
Marsden, C. A., Kerkut, G. A.: Fluorescent microscopy of the 5HT- and catecholamine-containing cells in the central nervous system of the leechHirudo medicinalis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.31, 851–862 (1969).
Myhrberg, H. E.: Unpublished observations cited in: Mechanisms of release of biogenic amines (eds. U. S. v. Euler, S. Rosell, and B. Uvnäs), p. 60. Oxford: Pergamon Press 1965.
- Personal communication cited in Clark, M. E. (1966).
—: Monoaminergic mechanisms in the nervous system ofLumbricus terrestris (L.). Z. Zellforsch.81, 311–343 (1967).
—: Ultrastructural localization of monoamines in the epidermis ofLumbricus terrestris (L.). Z. Zellforsch.117, 139–154 (1971).
Östlund, E.: The distribution of catechol amines in lower animals and their effect on the heart. Acta physiol. scand.31, Suppl. 112, 1–67 (1954).
Plotnikova, S. I.: The structure of the sympathetic nervous system of insects. Symposium on Neurobiology of Invertebrates, p. 59–68 (1967).
—, Govyrin, V. A.: (Distribution of cathecholamine-containing nerve elements in some representatives of Protostomia and Coelenterata.) [in Russian.] Arch. Anat. Istol. Embriol.50, 79–87 (1966).
— —: (Adrenergic elements in the nervous system of the earthworms.) [in Russian.] J. Evol. Biochim. Fisiol.3, 226–233 (1967).
Rude, S.: Monoamine-containing neurons in the nerve cord and body wall ofLumbricus terrestris. J. comp. Neurol.128, 397–412 (1966).
—: Catecholamines in the ventral nerve cord ofLumbricus terrestris. Comp. Biochem. Physiol.28, 747–752 (1969a).
—: Monoamine-containing neurons in the central nervous system and peripheral nerves of the leech,Hirudo medicinalis. J. comp. Neurol.136, 349–372 (1969b).
—, Coggeshall, R. E., Orden, L. S. van: Chemical and ultrastructural identification of 5-hydroxytryptamine in an identified neuron. J. Cell Biol.41, 832–854 (1969).
Teichmann, I., Aros, B.: Fluorescence microscopic demonstration of catecholamine containing nerve cells and fibres in the central nervous system of invertebrates. Acta morph. Acad. Sci. hung.16, 350 (1966).
Welsh, J. H., Moorhead, M.: The quantitative distribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the invertebrates, especially in their nervous system. J. Neurochem.6, 146–169 (1960).
Vialli, M., Prenna, G.: Contribution to the cytospectrofluorometric measurement of 5-hydroxytryptamine in enterochromaffin cells. J. Histochem. Cytochem.17, 321–330 (1969).
Zimmermann, P.: Die zentralnervöse Kontrolle der Dehydration beiLumbricus terrestris L. Z. Zellforsch.112, 551–571 (1971).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This work was supported by grants from the Helge Ax:son Johnson Foundation and was carried out within a reasearch organization sponsored by the Swedish Medical Research Council (projects No. B71-14X-2321-04A, B71-14X-712-06A, and B71-14X-56-07A).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ehinger, B., Myhrberg, H.E. Neuronal localization of dopamine, noradrenaline, and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the central and peripheral nervous system ofLumbricus terrestris (L.). Histochemie 28, 265–275 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00702632
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00702632