Summary
The pedal ganglion is a peripheral ganglion which gives rise to the innervation for both the somatic and visceral organs of the Mytilus foot. In the present study, different histofluorescence methods for the demonstration of monamines (formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde followed by polyethylene glycol embedding; aluminium-formaldehyde; Falck) and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry were applied in order to characterize the neuronal population of the ganglion. The fluorescence methods employed showed that the cortical region of the pedal ganglion is composed of roundish cells; these mainly contained an orange autofluorescent pigment. Yellow-fluorescing cells were scattered in the anterior region of the cortex, but they were more numerous and arranged in clusters in the posterior region. Greenfluorescing cells were mainly located at the border between the cortex and neuropile and in the neuropile itself, where a rich plexus of beaded green-fluorescing fibres was also present. Of the three methods, that using formaldehydeglutaraldehyde followed by embedding in polyethylene glycol gave the best preservation of morphological details. Acetylcholinesterase histochemistry showed the presence of positive cells and fibres mainly in the anterior region of the ganglion.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bayne BL, Widdows J, Thompson RJ (1976) Nervous system and receptors. In: Bayne BL (ed) Marine mussels: their ecology and physiology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge London New York Melbourne, pp 252–256
Beltz BS, Kravitz EA (1983) Mapping of serotonin-like immunoreactivity in the lobster nervous system. J Neurosci 3:585–602
Chichery MP, Chichery R (1974) Histochemical study of the localization of cholinesterases in the central nervous system of Sepia officinalis. Cell Tissue Res 148:551–560
Corrodi H, Jonsson G (1967) The formaldehyde fluorescence method for the histochemical demonstration of biogenic monoamines. J Histochem Cytochem 15:65–78
Coupland RE, Holmes RL (1957) The use of cholinesterase techniques for the demonstration of peripheral nervous structures. Q J Microsc Sci 98:327–330
Falck B, Owman C (1965) A detailed methodological description of the fluorescence method for the cellular demonstration of monoamines. Acta Univ Lund Sect 27:1–23
Furness JB, Costa M, Blessing WW (1977) Simultaneous fixation and production of catecholamine fluorescence in central nervous tissue by perfusion with aldehydes. Histochem J 9:745–750
Kandel ER, Kupfermann I (1970) The functional organization of invertebrate ganglia. Annu Rev Physiol 32:193–258
Leake LD, Evans TG, Walker RJ (1975) Evidence for the presence of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine and acetylcholine in the nervous system and heart of the limpet, Patella vulgata. Comp Biochem Physiol C 51:205–213
Lent CM (1982) Fluorescent properties of monoamine neurons following glyoxylic acid treatment of intact leech ganglia. Histochemistry 75:77–89
Lorèn I, Björklund A, Falck B, Lindvall O (1980) The aluminumformaldehyde (ALFA) histofluorescence method for improved visualization of catecholamines and indoleamines. 1. A detailed account of the methodology for central nervous tissue using paraffin, cryostat or vibratome sections. J Neurol Meth 2:277–300
Paparo A, Murphy JA (1980) Cytosome morphogenesis in nerve cells and lateral cilio-inhibition in the mussel Mytilus edulis. J Submicrosc Cytol 12:547–562
Schöler J, Armstrong WE (1982) Aqueous aldehyde (Faglu) histofluorescence for catecholamines in 2 μm sections using polyethylene glycol embedding. Brain Res Bull 9:27–31
Smith DS, Treherne JE (1965) The electron microscopic localization of cholinesterase activity in the central nervous system of the insect Periplaneta americana. J Cell Biol 26:445–465
Stefano GB, Catapane EJ, Aiello E (1976) Dopaminergic agents: influence on serotonin in the molluscan nervous system. Science 194:539–541
Stefano GB, Catapane EJ (1980) Norepinephrine: its presence in the central nervous system of Mytilus edulis (Bivalvia). J Exp Zool 214:209–213
Stefano GB, Zukin RS, Kream RM (1982) Evidence for the presynaptic localization of a high affinity opiate binding site on dopamine neurons in the pedal ganglia of Mytilus edulis (Bivalvia). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 222:759–764
Stefano GB, Martin R (1983) Enkefalin-like immunoreactivity in the pedal ganglion of Mytilus edulis (Bivalvia) and its proximity to dopamine-containing structures. Cell Tissue Res 230:147–153
Stuart AE, Hudspeth AJ, Zach WH (1974) Vital staining of specific monoamine-containing cells in the leech nervous system. Cell Tissue Res 153:56–61
Vitellaro-Zuccarello L, De Biasi S, Blum I (1983) Histochemical and ultrastructural study on the innervation of the byssus glands of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Cell Tissue Res 233:403–413
Wigglesworth VB (1958) The distribution of esterase in the nervous system and other tissues of the insect Rhodnius prolixus. Q J Microsc Sci 99:441–450
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
De Biasi, S., Vitellaro-Zuccarello, L. & Blum, I. Histochemical localization of monoamines and cholinesterases in Mytilus pedal ganglion. Histochemistry 81, 561–565 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00489535
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00489535