Skip to main content
Log in

Determination of thiodiglycolic acid in urine specimens of vinyl chloride exposed workers

  • Published:
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

A strong correlation was found between vinyl chloride concentrations at working places and the increased excretion of thiodiglycolic acid of 18 exposed workers. The mean air concentration of vinyl chloride was calculated referring to personal exposure. The values obtained were in the range of 0,14–7,0 ppm. The excretion of thiodiglycolic acid — measured by GC-MS analysis — amounted to 0,3 – 4,0 mg/L. It could be demonstrated that significant increases of the metabolite excretion occur even at VC-concentrations below 5 ppm.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Aue, W. A., Hostings-Voght, C. R., Younker, D. R.: A gaschromatographic cartridge desorption port. J. Chrom.114, 184–189 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bartsch, H., Malaveille, C., Montesano, R.: Human, rat and mouse liver mediated mutagenicity of vinyl chloride in salmonella typhimurium strains. Int. J. Canc.15, 429–437 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Boer,Th. J. de, Backer, H. J.: Diazomethane. Org. Synth.30, 16 (1950)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bolt, H. M., Laib, R. J., Kappus, H., Buchter, A.: Pharmacokinetics of vinyl chloride in the rat. Toxicology7, 179–188 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Creech, J. L., Johnson, M. N.: Angiosarcoma of liver in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride. J. Occup. Med.16, 150 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fleig, I., Thiess, A. M.: External chromosome studies undertaken on persons and animals with VC illness. Report second intern. Conference on Environmental Mutagens, Edinburgh, July 11–15, 1977, Conference Abstracts, page 219

  7. Fraust, C. L., Hermann, E. R.: Charcoal sampling tubes for organic vapor analysis by gaschromatography. Am. Hyg. Assindush. J.27, 68–74 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Funes-Cravioto, F., Lambert, B., Lindstein, J., Ehrenberg, L., Natarajan, A. T., Ostermann-Golkar, S.: Chromosome aberrations in workers exposed to vinyl chloride. Lancet459, (1975)

  9. Garro, A. J., Guttenplan, J. B., P. Milvy: Vinyl chloride dependent mutagenesis effects of liver extracts and free radicals. Mutation Res.38, 81–88 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Green, T., Hathway, D. E.: The biological fate in rats of vinyl chloride in relation to its oncogenicity. Chem. Biol. Interactions11, 545–562 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Green, T., Hathway, D. E.: The Chemistry and Biogenesis of the S-containing Metabolites of vinyl Chloride in Rats. Chem.-Biol. Interactions17, 137–150 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Greim, H., Bonse, G. Radwan, Z., Reichert, D., Henschler D.: Mutagenicity in vitro and potential carcinogenicity of chlorinated ethylenes as a function of metabolic oxirane formation. Biochem. Pharmacol.24, 2013–2017 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hefner, R. E., Watanabe, P. G., Gehring, P. H.: Preliminary studies of the fate of vinyl chloride monomer in rats. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.246, 135–138 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  14. Infante, P., Wagoner, J. K., Waxweiler, R. J.: Carcinogenic, Mutagenic and teratogenic risks associated with vinyl chloride. Mutation Res.41, 131–142 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Infante, P., Wagoner, J. K., McMichael, A. J., Waxweiler, R. J., Falk, H.: Genetic risks of vinyl chloride. Lancet734, 120 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lee, F. J., Harry, D. S.: Angiosarcoma of the liver in a vinyl chloride worker. Lancet 1316–1318 (1974)

  17. Lienert, G. A.: Verteilungsfreie Methoden in der Biostatistik, Meisenheim am Glan, S. 120–124 (1962)

  18. Malaveille, C., Bartsch, H., Barbin, A., Camus, A. M., Montesano, R.: Mutagenicity of vinyl chloride, chloro-ethyleneoxide, chloroacetaldehyde, and chloroethanol. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun63, 363–370 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Maltoni, C., Lefemine, G.: La potenzialita dei saggi sperimentali nella predizione dei rischi oncogeni ambientali. Un empleo: el cloruro di vinile. Accad. National Dei Lincei, Ser.VIII, 56, 1–11 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Maltoni, C., Lefemine, G.: Carcinogenicity bioassays of vinyl chloride. I. Research plan and early results. Environ. Res.7, 387–405 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Maltoni, C., Lefemine, G.: La cancerogenesi ambientale e professionale: nuove pro spettive alle luc della cancerogenesi de cloruro di vinile. Gli Osp. della vita1, 5–6 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Maltoni, C., Lefemine, G.: Carcinogenicity bioassays of vinyl chloride: current results. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci246, 195–218 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Maltoni, C.: Predictive value of carcinogenesis bioassays. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.271, 431–447 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Müller, G., Norpoth, K.: Bestimmung zweier Urinmetabolite des Vinylchlorids. Naturwissenschaften62, 541 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Müller, G., Norpoth, K.: Spezifität der Ürinanalytik zur biologischen Überwachung bei Vinylchlorid-Expositionen. In: Arbeitsmedizinische Risikobeurteilung. Herausgeg. von Dr. Szadkowski, S. 237–241, Stuttgart, Gentner 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Müller, G., Norpoth, K., Eckard, R.: Identification of two urine metabolites of vinyl chloride by GC-MS-investigations. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Hlth.38, 69–75 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Norpoth, K.: Wodurch entsteht bei PVC-Arbeitern Krebs? Umschau76, 684–686 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  28. o'Keeffe, A. E., Ortman, G. C.: Primary standards for trace gas analysis. Anal. Chem.38, 760–763 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Pellizari, E. D., Carpenter, B. H., Nunch, J. E.: Collection and analysis of trace organic vapor pollutants in ambient air. — Thermal desorption of organic vapors from sorbent media. Env. Sc. Techn.9, 556–560 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Purchase, I. F. H., Richardson, C. R., Anderson, D.: Chromosomal and dominant lethal effects of vinyl chloride. Lancet, 410–411 (1975)

  31. Pardue, L. J., Thompson, R. J.: A rapid, sensitive method for calibration of permeation devices. Anal. Chem.44, 1034–1036 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Rannug, U., Johansson, A., Ramel, C., Wachtmeister, C. A.: The mutagenicity of vinyl chloride after metabolic activation. Ambio3, 194–197 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Raymond, A., Guiochon, G.: The use of graphitized carbon black as a trapping material for organic compounds in light gases before a gaschromatographic analysis. J. Chrom. Sc.13, 173–177 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Thomas, L. B., Popper, H., Berk, P. D., Selikoff, I., Falk, H.: Vinyl chloride-induced liver disease — From idiopathic portal hypertension (Banti's syndrome) to angiosarcomas. New Engl. J. Med.292, 17–22 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Watanabe, P. G., McGowan, G. R., Gehring, P. J.: Fate of [14C] Vinyl Chloride after Single Oral Administration in Rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.36, 339–352 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Withey, J. R.: Pharmacodynamics and uptake of vinyl chloride monomer administered by various routes to rats. J. Toxicol. Environm. Health1, 381–394 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Müller, G., Norpoth, K., Kusters, E. et al. Determination of thiodiglycolic acid in urine specimens of vinyl chloride exposed workers. Int. Arch Occup Environ Heath 41, 199–205 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00572892

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00572892

Key words

Navigation