Summary
A strong correlation was found between vinyl chloride concentrations at working places and the increased excretion of thiodiglycolic acid of 18 exposed workers. The mean air concentration of vinyl chloride was calculated referring to personal exposure. The values obtained were in the range of 0,14–7,0 ppm. The excretion of thiodiglycolic acid — measured by GC-MS analysis — amounted to 0,3 – 4,0 mg/L. It could be demonstrated that significant increases of the metabolite excretion occur even at VC-concentrations below 5 ppm.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aue, W. A., Hostings-Voght, C. R., Younker, D. R.: A gaschromatographic cartridge desorption port. J. Chrom.114, 184–189 (1975)
Bartsch, H., Malaveille, C., Montesano, R.: Human, rat and mouse liver mediated mutagenicity of vinyl chloride in salmonella typhimurium strains. Int. J. Canc.15, 429–437 (1975)
Boer,Th. J. de, Backer, H. J.: Diazomethane. Org. Synth.30, 16 (1950)
Bolt, H. M., Laib, R. J., Kappus, H., Buchter, A.: Pharmacokinetics of vinyl chloride in the rat. Toxicology7, 179–188 (1977)
Creech, J. L., Johnson, M. N.: Angiosarcoma of liver in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride. J. Occup. Med.16, 150 (1974)
Fleig, I., Thiess, A. M.: External chromosome studies undertaken on persons and animals with VC illness. Report second intern. Conference on Environmental Mutagens, Edinburgh, July 11–15, 1977, Conference Abstracts, page 219
Fraust, C. L., Hermann, E. R.: Charcoal sampling tubes for organic vapor analysis by gaschromatography. Am. Hyg. Assindush. J.27, 68–74 (1966)
Funes-Cravioto, F., Lambert, B., Lindstein, J., Ehrenberg, L., Natarajan, A. T., Ostermann-Golkar, S.: Chromosome aberrations in workers exposed to vinyl chloride. Lancet459, (1975)
Garro, A. J., Guttenplan, J. B., P. Milvy: Vinyl chloride dependent mutagenesis effects of liver extracts and free radicals. Mutation Res.38, 81–88 (1976)
Green, T., Hathway, D. E.: The biological fate in rats of vinyl chloride in relation to its oncogenicity. Chem. Biol. Interactions11, 545–562 (1975)
Green, T., Hathway, D. E.: The Chemistry and Biogenesis of the S-containing Metabolites of vinyl Chloride in Rats. Chem.-Biol. Interactions17, 137–150 (1977)
Greim, H., Bonse, G. Radwan, Z., Reichert, D., Henschler D.: Mutagenicity in vitro and potential carcinogenicity of chlorinated ethylenes as a function of metabolic oxirane formation. Biochem. Pharmacol.24, 2013–2017 (1975)
Hefner, R. E., Watanabe, P. G., Gehring, P. H.: Preliminary studies of the fate of vinyl chloride monomer in rats. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.246, 135–138 (1975)
Infante, P., Wagoner, J. K., Waxweiler, R. J.: Carcinogenic, Mutagenic and teratogenic risks associated with vinyl chloride. Mutation Res.41, 131–142 (1976)
Infante, P., Wagoner, J. K., McMichael, A. J., Waxweiler, R. J., Falk, H.: Genetic risks of vinyl chloride. Lancet734, 120 (1976)
Lee, F. J., Harry, D. S.: Angiosarcoma of the liver in a vinyl chloride worker. Lancet 1316–1318 (1974)
Lienert, G. A.: Verteilungsfreie Methoden in der Biostatistik, Meisenheim am Glan, S. 120–124 (1962)
Malaveille, C., Bartsch, H., Barbin, A., Camus, A. M., Montesano, R.: Mutagenicity of vinyl chloride, chloro-ethyleneoxide, chloroacetaldehyde, and chloroethanol. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun63, 363–370 (1975)
Maltoni, C., Lefemine, G.: La potenzialita dei saggi sperimentali nella predizione dei rischi oncogeni ambientali. Un empleo: el cloruro di vinile. Accad. National Dei Lincei, Ser.VIII, 56, 1–11 (1974)
Maltoni, C., Lefemine, G.: Carcinogenicity bioassays of vinyl chloride. I. Research plan and early results. Environ. Res.7, 387–405 (1974)
Maltoni, C., Lefemine, G.: La cancerogenesi ambientale e professionale: nuove pro spettive alle luc della cancerogenesi de cloruro di vinile. Gli Osp. della vita1, 5–6 (1974)
Maltoni, C., Lefemine, G.: Carcinogenicity bioassays of vinyl chloride: current results. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci246, 195–218 (1975)
Maltoni, C.: Predictive value of carcinogenesis bioassays. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.271, 431–447 (1976)
Müller, G., Norpoth, K.: Bestimmung zweier Urinmetabolite des Vinylchlorids. Naturwissenschaften62, 541 (1975)
Müller, G., Norpoth, K.: Spezifität der Ürinanalytik zur biologischen Überwachung bei Vinylchlorid-Expositionen. In: Arbeitsmedizinische Risikobeurteilung. Herausgeg. von Dr. Szadkowski, S. 237–241, Stuttgart, Gentner 1977.
Müller, G., Norpoth, K., Eckard, R.: Identification of two urine metabolites of vinyl chloride by GC-MS-investigations. Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Hlth.38, 69–75 (1976)
Norpoth, K.: Wodurch entsteht bei PVC-Arbeitern Krebs? Umschau76, 684–686 (1976)
o'Keeffe, A. E., Ortman, G. C.: Primary standards for trace gas analysis. Anal. Chem.38, 760–763 (1966)
Pellizari, E. D., Carpenter, B. H., Nunch, J. E.: Collection and analysis of trace organic vapor pollutants in ambient air. — Thermal desorption of organic vapors from sorbent media. Env. Sc. Techn.9, 556–560 (1975)
Purchase, I. F. H., Richardson, C. R., Anderson, D.: Chromosomal and dominant lethal effects of vinyl chloride. Lancet, 410–411 (1975)
Pardue, L. J., Thompson, R. J.: A rapid, sensitive method for calibration of permeation devices. Anal. Chem.44, 1034–1036 (1972)
Rannug, U., Johansson, A., Ramel, C., Wachtmeister, C. A.: The mutagenicity of vinyl chloride after metabolic activation. Ambio3, 194–197 (1974)
Raymond, A., Guiochon, G.: The use of graphitized carbon black as a trapping material for organic compounds in light gases before a gaschromatographic analysis. J. Chrom. Sc.13, 173–177 (1975)
Thomas, L. B., Popper, H., Berk, P. D., Selikoff, I., Falk, H.: Vinyl chloride-induced liver disease — From idiopathic portal hypertension (Banti's syndrome) to angiosarcomas. New Engl. J. Med.292, 17–22 (1975)
Watanabe, P. G., McGowan, G. R., Gehring, P. J.: Fate of [14C] Vinyl Chloride after Single Oral Administration in Rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.36, 339–352 (1976)
Withey, J. R.: Pharmacodynamics and uptake of vinyl chloride monomer administered by various routes to rats. J. Toxicol. Environm. Health1, 381–394 (1976)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Müller, G., Norpoth, K., Kusters, E. et al. Determination of thiodiglycolic acid in urine specimens of vinyl chloride exposed workers. Int. Arch Occup Environ Heath 41, 199–205 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00572892
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00572892