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Ultrastructural analysis of human proximal tubules and cortical interstitium in chronic renal disease (Hydronephrosis)

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Summary

A systematic ultrastructural analysis of proximal tubule atrophy and cortical interstitial changes was carried out in human chronic nephropathy. The investigation was based on human hydronephrotic kidneys, which had been surgically removed and subsequently perfusion-fixed for light and electron microscopy. Normal kidney tissue, which was derived from nephrectomy specimens with pathological changes confined to part of the kidney or to the renal pelvis, was used for control material. A slight degree of proximal tubule atrophy was characterized by reduction of mitochondria and basolateral membranes, enlargement of large endocytic vacuoles and increased numbers of lysosomes containing lamellar material. In moderate atrophy these changes were further accentuated, and in addition there was an increasing loss of microvilli and a reduction of endocytic invaginations and small endocytic vacuoles. In severe atrophy all types of organelles were sparse and the architecture of the tubule cells greatly simplified. A distinctive feature of atrophic tubules was the presence in the tubule cells of large bundles of actin-like filaments, which were often associated with outpouchings of basal cell parts and basement membrane. The reduction of mitochondria and basolateral cell membranes and the changes of endocytic vacuoles and lysosomes indicate that proximal tubule atrophy also in early stages may be associated with impairment of tubular transport processes. Comparisons with previous observations in various types of experimentally induced tubule cell degeneration and with the ultrastructure of regenerating proximal tubule cells provide some evidence that degenerative changes as well as imperfect regeneration of tubule cells may contribute to the alterations of ultrastructure in tubular atrophy. It is suggested that changes of the cortical interstitium may be of pathogenic importance for the progression of tubular atrophy by altering the spatial relationships between tubules and capillaries.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, Denmark

    Jens Chr Møller, Elisabeth Skriver & Arvid B. Maunsbach

  2. University Institute of Pathology, Kommunehospitalet, DK 8000, Aarhus, Denmark

    Jens Chr Møller & Steen Olsen

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  1. Jens Chr Møller
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  2. Elisabeth Skriver
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  3. Steen Olsen
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  4. Arvid B. Maunsbach
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This work was supported by grants from the Danish Medical Research Council (no 12-0528) and from the Research Foundation at the University of Aarhus.

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Møller, J.C., Skriver, E., Olsen, S. et al. Ultrastructural analysis of human proximal tubules and cortical interstitium in chronic renal disease (Hydronephrosis). Vichows Archiv A Pathol Anat 402, 209–237 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00695077

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