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Structural aberrations of chromosome 18

II. The 18q — syndrome. Report of three cases

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Summary

3 cases of the 18q — syndrome, 2 boys and 1 girl, are presented, and a comparison with data from the literature is given. The following features are typical of the syndrome: short stature, mental retardation, muscular hypotonia, a peculiar dysmorphia of the face and ears, cryptorchidism and small scrotum in males, proximally implanted thumbs, tapering fingers, excess of whorls on the fingertips, and dorsally implanted second toes. Midface hypoplasia with hypertelorism and cleft palate, as well as strabismus, were present in 2 of our patients, whereas all 3 showed nystagmus and prominence of anthelix and antitragus. In addition, 2 patients exhibited narrow ear canals and impaired hearing. One patient had coloboma of the iris and choroid, pale optic discs, and cleft lip; another had umbilical and inguinal hernias. Two cases represented de novo deletions of the long arm of chromosomes 18, whereas the karyotype of the father of the third case revealed a balanced translocation t(15;18)(q24;q21).

Zusammenjassung

3 Patienten mit dem 18q — Syndrom, 2 Knaben und 1 Mädchen, werden vorgestellt und mit den Fällen der Literatur verglichen. Die folgenden typischen Merkmale des 18q — Syndroms fanden sich bei ihnen: Kleinwuchs, Schwachsinn, muskuläre Hypotonie, Gesichts- und Ohrdysmorphie, Kryptorchismus bei den Knaben sowie zurückversetzte Daumen, konisch zulaufende Finger, Häufung von Wirbelmustern auf den Fingerbeeren und nach dorsal versetzte 2. Zehen. 2 Patienten zeigten die für das 18q — Syndrom typische Mittelgesichtsdysplasie sowie Hypertelorismus und Strabismus, hingegen wiesen alle drei Nystagmus und eine charakteristische Ohrdysmorphie mit Vortreten von Anthelix und Antitragus auf. Je 2 Patienten waren schwerhörig bzw. hatten auffallend enge Gehörgänge. Bei einem Fall fanden sich noch ein Iris- und Chorioideakolobom, Opticusatrophie und eine Lippenspatle, bei einem anderen eine Nabel- und Leistenhernie. Bei 2 Patienten war die Deletion des langen Arms von Chromosome 18 neu entstanden, bei einem war der Vater Träger einer balancierten Translokation t(15;18)(q24;q21).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Zurich, Switzerland

    A. Schinzel, K. Hayashi & W. Schmid

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  1. A. Schinzel
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  2. K. Hayashi
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  3. W. Schmid
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Schinzel, A., Hayashi, K. & Schmid, W. Structural aberrations of chromosome 18. Hum Genet 26, 123–132 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00278439

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