Summary
Two kinds of epithelial cells, dark and light types, are alternately arranged in the gill of Daphnia magna. The dark cell has numerous mitochondria and an elaborate tubular system containing two kinds of cytoplasmic tubules, small about 70 nm in diameter, and large about 130 nm in diameter. The former occur in bundles and seem to be smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. The latter, lined with a ridged surface coat and frequently open at the lateral and basal cell membrane, are regarded as extensions of the cell membrane. The apical cell membrane of the dark cell is modified by repeated subunits of a cytoplasmic coat on the inner leaflet of the unit membrane. The light cell exhibits a high degree of basal infoldings of the cell membrane, which represent a magnification of the surface area of the cell. Large mitochondria between the infoldings often come into intimate association with the infolded cell membrane to form a regular array of parallel mitochondria interposed with the double cell membranes.
The results suggest that at least the dark epithelial cells play an important role in the osmoregulation of this animal.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson E, Harvey WR (1966) Active transport by the cecropia midgut. II. Fine structure of the midgut epithelium. J Cell Biol 31:107–134
Berridge MJ, Oschman JL (1969) A structural basis for fluid secretion by Malpighian tubules. Tiss Cell 1:247–272
Bielawski J (1971) Ultrastructure and ion transport in gill epithelium of the crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus Esch. Protoplasma 73:177–190
Bubel A, Jones MB (1974) Fine structure of the gills of Jaera nordmanni (Rathke) [Crustacea, Isopoda]. J Mar Biol Ass UK 54:737–743
Burggren WW, McMahon BR, Costerton JW (1974) Branchial water and blood-flow patterns and the structure of the gill of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii. Can J Zool 52:1511–1518
Copeland DE (1967) A study of salt secreting cells in the brine shrimp (Artemia salina). Protoplasma 63:363–384
Copeland DE (1968) Fine structure of salt and water uptake in the land-crab, Gecarinus lateralis. Am Zoologist 8:417–432
Copeland DE, Fitzjarrell AT (1968) The salt absorbing cells in the gills of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus Rathbun) with notes on modified mitochondria. Z Zellforsch 92:1–22
Croghan PC (1958) The mechanism of osmotic regulation in Anemia salina (L.): the physiology of the brachiae. J Exp Biol 35:234–242
D'Agostino AS, Provasoli L (1970) Dixenic culture of Daphnia magna Straus. Biol Bull 139:485–494
Dejdar E (1930) Die Korrelationen zwischen Kiemensäckchen und Nackenschild bei Phyllopoden. Z Wiss Zool 136:422–452
Dendy LA, Philpott CW, Deter RL (1973) Localization of Na+, K+-ATPase and other enzymes in teleost pseudobranch. II. Morphological characterization of intact pseudobranch, subcellular fractions and plasma membrane substructure. J Cell Biol 57:689–703
Fisher JM (1972) Fine-structural observations on the gill filaments of the fresh-water crayfish, Astacus pallipes Lereboullet. Tiss Cell 4:287–299
Fritzsche H (1917) Studien über Schwankungen des osmotischen Druckes der Körperflüssigkeit bei Daphnia magna. Intern Rev Hydrobiol 8:125–203
Giklhorn J, Keller R (1925) Über elektive Vitalfärbungen der Kiemensäckchen von Daphnia magna Müller als Beispiel organund zellspezifischer Differenzierung. Z Zellforsch 2:515–537
Gupta BL, Berridge MJ (1966) A coat of repeating subunits on the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane in the rectal papillae of the blowfly, Calliphora erythrocephala (Meig.), studies in situ by electron microscopy. J Cell Biol 29:376–382
Harb JM, Copeland DE (1969) Fine structure of the pseudobranch of the flounder Paralichthys lethostigma. A description of a chloride-type cell and pseudobranch-type cell. Z Zellforsch 101:167–174
Hootman SR, Conte FP (1975) Functional morphology of the neck organ in Anemia salina nauplii. J Morphol 145:371–386
Kikuchi S (1972) Three-dimensional networks of a tubular system in the salt-transporting cells of the gill and the neck organ of Artemia salina (brine shrimp). Ann Rep Iwate Med Univ Sch Lib Art Sci 7:15–26
Kikuchi S (1976) Fine-structural observations on the gills of some phyllopods (Crustacea). Acta Anat Nipponica 51: 455–456
Kikuchi S (1977) Mitochondria-rich (chloride) cells in the gill epithelia from four species of stenohaline fresh water teleosts. Cell Tissue Res 180:87–98
Kikuchi S (1981) On the fine structure of two kinds of chloride cells in the gill epithelium of a stenohaline fresh-water teleost, Parasilurus asotus. Ann Rep Iwate Med Univ Sch Lib Art Sci 16:33–45
Kikuchi S (1982a) Cytoplasmic tubules bearing a ridge-like surface coat in the gill epithelium of Daphnia magna. J Electron Microsc 31:257–260
Kikuchi S (1982b) A unique cell membrane with a lining of repeating subunits on the cytoplasmic side of presumably ion-transporting cells in the gill epithelium of Daphnia magna (Crustacea:Cladocera). J Submicrosc Cytol 14:711–715
Lennep EW, Lanzing WJR (1967) The ultrastructure of glandular cells in the external dendritic organ of some marine catfish. J Ultrastruct Res 18:333–344
Lockwood APM (1968) Aspects of the physiology of Crustacea. Oliver and Boyd Edinburgh and London 10–64
Maetz J (1971) Fish gills: mechanisms of salt transfer in fresh water and sea water. Phil Trans Roy Soc Lond B 262:209–249
Marshall AT, Cheung WWK (1974) Studies on water and ion transport in homopteran insects: ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the cicadoid and cercopoid Malpighian tubules and filter chamber. Tiss Cell 6:153–171
Mizuhira V, Amakawa T, Yamashina S, Shirai N, Uchida S (1970) Electron microscopic studies on the localization of sodium ions and sodium-potassium-activated adenosinetriphosphatase in chloride cells on eel gills. Exp Cell Res 59:346–348
Nakao T (1974) Fine structure of the agranular cytoplasmic tubules in the lamprey chloride cells. Anat Rec 178:49–62
Newstead JD (1971) Observation on the relationship between “chloride-type” and “pseudobranch-type” cells in the gills of a fish, Oligocottus maculosus. Z Zellforsch 116:1–6
Panikker NK (1941) Osmotic behavior of the fairy shrimp Chirocephlus diaphanus Prevost. J Exp Biol 18:110–114
Petřik P (1968) The demonstration of chloride ions in the “chloride cells” of the gills of eels (Anguilla anguilla L.) adapted to sea water. Z Zellforsch 92:422–427
Philpott CW (1965) Halide localization in the teleost chloride cell and its identification by selected area electron diffraction. Direct evidence supporting an osmoregulatory function for the sea water adapted chloride cell of Fundulus. Protoplasma 60:7–23
Philpott CW, Copeland DE (1963) Fine structure of chloride cells from three species of Fundulus. J Cell Biol 18:389–404
Provasoli L, Pinter IJ (1953) Ecological implications of in vitro nutritional requirements of algal flagellates. Ann NY Acad Sci 56:839–851
Schoffeniels E, Gilles R (1970) Osmoregulation in aquatic arthropods. In Chemical zoology. M. Florkin, B.T. Scheer (ed.) Academic Press, New York, 5A:255–286
Skobe Z, Garant PR, Albright JT (1970) Ultrastructure of a new cell in the gills of the air-breathing fish Helostoma temmincki. J Ultrastruct Res 31:312–322
Tyson GE (1969) The fine structure of the maxillary gland of the brine shrimp, Anemia salina. The efferent duct. Z Zellforsch 93:151–163
Yamada E (1973) The fine structure of the kidney. Jpn J Nephrol 15:393–400
Yohro T, Kamiya T (1971) Luminal membrane specialization of the striated duct of the Submandibular gland in the bat. Proc Jpn Acad 47:427–431
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kikuchi, S. The fine structure of the gill epithelium of a fresh-water flea, Daphnia magna (Crustacea: Phyllopoda) and changes associated with acclimation to various salinities. Cell Tissue Res. 229, 253–268 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00214974
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00214974