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Cold tolerance and critical temperature of the Japanese

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Abstract

Five male Japanese subjects, undressed, were investigated at rest and during ergometer work at 30°, 25°, 20°, 15° and 10°C and the results were compared with similar measurements on Caucasians. The metabolic rate and mean skin temperature were higher at temperatures below 20°C than in Caucasians, while the correlation curve of metabolic rate versus skin temperature was similar. The rectal temperature decreased with lowering of the air temperature in these subjects in contrast to the observations in Caucasians. The thermal conductance of the Japanese was higher at the control air temperature, but became lower or equal in cool air as compared with that of Caucasians. The lower critical temperature was around 24°C. The results indicate that Japanese men react to cold with a mixture of both metabolic and insulative adaptation which differs from the response of Caucasians. The difference may be due to the environment, living habits and bodily constitution.

Zusammenfassung

Fünf Japaner wurden unbekleidet in Ruhe und während Ergometerarbeit bei 30°, 25°, 20°, 15° und 10°C Raumtemperatur untersucht und die Ergebnisse mit ähnlichen Untersuchungen an Personen der weissen Rasse (Kaukasiern) verglichen. Stoffwechselrate und mittlere Hauttemperatur waren unterhalb 20°C bei den Japanern höher als bei den Kaukasiern, während die Korrelationskurve der Stoffwechselrate versus Hauttemperatur gleich waren. Die Rektaltemperatur fiel bei den Japanern mit Senkung der Lufttemperatur ab, umgekehrt zu den Beobachtungen an Kaukasiern. Die Wärmeleitung war bei den Japanern höher im Bereich der Temperaturen bis 25°C, dagegen in kühler Luft niedriger oder blieb auf dem gleichen Niveau beim Vergleich mit den Werten von Kaukasiern. Die untere kritische Temperatur war 24°C. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Japaner auf Kälte mit metabolischer und insulativer Adaptation reagieren, anders als Kaukasier. Diese Unterschiede können Ausdruck der Lebensgewohnheiten, Umweltbedingungen und der Konstitution sein.

Resume

Cinq Japonais ont été examinés nus au repos et au travail à l'ergomètre par des températures ambiantes de 30°, 25°, 20°, 15° et 10°C. On a comparê les reléves ainsi effectués avec ceux provenant de personnes de race blanche (Caucasiens). Le métabolisme et la température cutanée moyenne furent, au dessus de 20°C, plus élevés chez les Japonais que chez les Caucasiens, alors que le rapport métabolisme-température cutanée restait identique. La température rectale a baissé chez les Japonais avec un refroidissement extérieur, contrairement à ce qui se passait chez les Caucasiens. La conductibilité thermique fut plus élevée chez les Japonais pour des températures supérieures à 25°C et diminua ou resta stationnaire dans de l'air plus frais — tous ces chiffres sont relatifs aux valeurs relevées sur les Caucasiens. La température critique inférieure se situe à 24°C. Ces résultats montrent que les Japonais réagissent autrement au froid que les Caucasiens, c'est à dire que leur adaptation métabolique et insulative est différente. Ces différences peuvent résulter de leur manière de vivre, des conditions ambiantes ou de leur constitution.

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Yoshimura, M., Yoshimura, H. Cold tolerance and critical temperature of the Japanese. Int J Biometeorol 13, 163–172 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01552737

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