References
Ortolani S, Trevisan C, Bianchi ML, et al. Spinal and forearm bone mass in relation to ageing and menopause in health Italian women. Eur J Clin Invest 1991;21:33–9.
Ortolani S, Trevisan C, Bianchi ML, Caraceni MP, Gandolini G, Ulivieri FM. Vertebral fracture risk threshold as defined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. In: Christiansen C, Overgaard K, editors. Osteoporosis 1990. Copenhagen: Osteopress ApS, 1990:866–8.
Aloia JF, Vaswani A, Ellis K, Yuen K, Cohn SH. A model for involutional bone loss. J Lab Clin Med 1985;106:630–6.
Nilas L, Gotfresden A, Hadberg A, Christiansen C. Age-related bone loss in women evaluated by the single and dual photon technique. Bone Miner 1988;4:95–103.
Smith DM, Khairi MRA, Johnston CC. The loss of bone mineral with aging and its relationship to risk of fracture. J Clin Invest 1975;56:311–8.
Talmage RV, Stinnett SS, Landwehr JT, Vincent LM, McCartney WH. Age-related loss of bone mineral density in non-athletic and athletic women. Bone Miner 1986;1:115–25.
Ott SM. Editorial: attainment of peak bone mass. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990;71:1082A–1082C.
Buchanan Jr, Myers C, Lloyd T, Leuenberger P, Demers LM. Determinants of peak trabecular bone density in women: the role of androgens, estrogen, and exercise. J Bone Miner Res 1988;6:673–80.
Stevenson JC, Lees B, Devenport M, Cust MP, Ganger KF. Determinants of bone density in normal women: risk factors for future osteoporosis? BMJ 1989;298:924–8.
Dawson-Hughes B, Shipp C, Sadowsky L, Dallal G. Bone density of the radius, spine and hip relation to percent of ideal body weight in postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1987;40:310–4.
Trevisan C, Ortolani S, Bianchi ML, et al. Age, time since menopause, and body parameters as determinants of female spinal bone mass: a mathematical mode. Calcif. Tissue Int 1991;49:1–5.
Steinberg KK, Freni-Titulaer LW, DePuey EG, et al. Sex steroids and bone density in premenopausal and perimenopausal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1989;69:533–9.
Thomsen K, Gotfredsen A, Christiansen C. Is postmenopausal bone loss an age-related phenomenon? Calcif Tissue Int 1986;39:123–7.
Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Mazess RB, Offord KP, Melton III LJ. Differential changes in bone mineral density of the appendicular and axial skeleton with aging: relationship to spinal osteoporosis. J Clin Invest 1981;67:328–35.
Mazess RB. On aging bone loss. Clin Orthop Rel REs 1982;165:239–52.
Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Melton III LJ, Richelson LS, Judd HL, Offord KP. Rates of bone loss in the appendicular and axial skeletons of women: evidence of substantial vertebral bone loss before menopause. J Clin Invest 1986;77:1487–91.
Hansson T, Roos B. Age changes in the bone mineral of the lumbar spine in normal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1986;38:249–51.
Rosenthal DI, Mayo-Smith W, Hayes CW, et al. Age and bone mass in premenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 1989;4:533–8.
Hedlund LR, Gallagher JC. The effect of age and menopause on bone mineral density of the proximal femur. J Bone Miner Res 1989;4:639–42.
Mazess RB, Barden HS, Ettinger M, et al. Spine and femur density using dual-photon absorptiometry in US white women. Bone Miner 1987;2:211–9.
Slemenda CW, Hui SL, Williams JW, Christian JC, Meaney FJ, Johnson CC. Bone mass and anthropometric measurements in adult females. Bone Miner 1990;11:101–9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ortolani, S., Trevisan, C., Bianchi, M.L. et al. Influence of body parameters on female peak bone mass and bone loss. Osteoporosis Int 3 (Suppl 1), 61–66 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01621866
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01621866