Summary
The relationship between water and sodium movements through the mammalian proximal convoluted tubule was investigated by substituting lithium for sodium. Proximal convoluted rat Kidney tubules were perfusedin vivo with a Ringer solution containing 107 meq/liter lithium and 42 meq/liter sodium. Several micropunctures were made along the same nephron, and [3H] inulin, [14C] glucose,22Na, osmolality, Na, Mg and Cl were determined on each sample. Measurements of22Na showed that sodium and lithium diffusion rates were practically identical throughout the entire epithelium. A one- for-one exchange of sodium for lithium induced a negative trans-epithelial net flux of Na from plasma to lumen. However, despite this negative flux, a positive net water movement was measured from lumen to plasma. This movement was proportional both to glucose reabsorption and to the rise in the chloride concentration, two mechanisms known to be dependent on the trans-cellular movement of sodium. It was therefore concluded that the net water flux was a function of the unidirectional transcellular net flux of Na.
Rabbit proximal convoluted tubules were perfusedin vitro with a solution containing 75 meq/liter Li and 75 meq/liter Na on both the luminal and peritubular sides. Under these conditions, the water reabsorption rate dropped to half its control value. Water movement was therefore a function of the external sodium concentration, which in turn probably regulates the intracellular Na concentration.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bartoli, E., Earley, L.E. 1973. Importance of ultrafilterable plasma factors in maintaining tubular reabsorption.Kidney Int. 3:142–150
Biber, T.U.L., Mullen, T.L. 1980 Effect of external cation and anion substitutions on sodium transport in isolated frog skin.J. Membrane. Biol. 52:121–132
Burg, M.B., Grantham, J., Abramow, M., Orloff, J. 1966. Preparation and study of fragments of single rabbit nephrons.Am. J. Physiol. 210:1293–1298
Burg, M.B., Green, N. 1976. Role of monovolent ions in the reabsorption of fluid by isolated perfused proximal renal tubules of the rabbit.Kidney Int. 10:221–228
Candia, O.A., Chiarandini, D.J. 1973. Transport of lithium and rectification by frog skin.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 307:578–589
Cardinal, J., Duchesneau, D. 1978. Effect of potassium on proximal tubular function.Am. J. Physiol. 234:F381-F385
Cooke, K.R. 1976. Water and ion contents of rat renal cortical slices leached and reincubated in isosmotic media with lithium replacing sodium.Proc. U. Otago Med. Sch. 54(1):10–12
Corman, B., Carriere, S., Le Grimellec, C., Cardinal, J. 1980. Proximal tubular response to variations in extracellular sodium concentration.Am. J. Physiol. 238:F256-F260
Corman, B., Roinel, N., Rouffignac, C. de 1981. Water reabsorption capacity of the proximal convoluted tubule: A microperfusion study on rat Kidney.J. Physiol. (London) (in press)
Dantzler, W.H., Bentley, S.K. 1978. Fluid absorption with and without sodium in isolated perfused snake proximal tubule.Am. J. Physiol. 234(1):F68-F79
Deetjen, P., Boylan, J.W. 1968. Glucose reabsorption in the rat Kidney.Pfluegers Arch. 299:19–29
Ehrlich, B.E., Diamond, J.M. 1980. Lithium, membranes, and manic-depressive illness.J. Membrane Biol. 52:187–200
Giebisch, G., Klose, R.M., Malnic, G., Sullivan, W.S. Windhaager, E. 1964. Sodium movement across single perfused proximal tubules of rat Kidney.J. Gen. Phys. 47:1175–1194
Grantham, J.J., Lowe, C.M., Dellasega, M., Cole, B.R., 1977. Effect of hypotonic medium on K and Na content of proximal renal tubules.Am. J. Physiol. 232(1):F42-F49
Green, R., Giebisch, G. 1975. Ionic requirements of proximal tubular sodium transport. I. Bicarbonate and chloride.Am. J. Physiol. 229(5):1205–1215
Gutman, Y., Hochman, S., Wald, H. 1973. The differential effect of Li+ on microsomal ATPase in cortex, medulla and papilla of the rat kidney.Biochem. Biophys. Acta 298:284–290
Gyory, A.Z., Lyngard, J.M. 1976. Kinetics of active sodium transport in rat proximal tubules and its variation by cardiac glycosides at zero net volume and ion fluxes. Evidence for a multisite sodium transport system.J. Physiol. (London) 257:257–274
Häberle, D.A., Shiigai, T. 1978. Flow-dependent volume reabsorption in the proximal convolution of the rat kidney. The role of glomerular-born tubular fluid for the maintenance of glumerulo-tubular balance. New aspects of renal function H.G. Vogel, and K.J. Ullrich editors. Vol. 6. pp. 198–208. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam-Oxford
Hamburger, R.J., Lawson, N.L., Schwartz, J.H. 1976. Response to parathyroid hormone in defined segments of proximal tubule.Am. J. Physiol. 230(2):286–290
Hayslett, J.P., Kashgarian, H. 1979. A micropuncture study of the renal handling of lithium.Pfluegers Arch. 38:159–163
Herrera, F.C., Egea, R., Herrera, A.M. 1971. Movement of lithium across toad urinary bladder.Am. J. Physiol. 220(5):1501–1508
Kinne, R., Murer, H., Kinne-Safran, E., Thees, M., Sachs, G. 1975. Sugar transport by renal plasma membrane vesicles.J. Membrane Biol. 21:375–395
Kinsella, J.L., Aronson, P.S. 1980. Properties of Na+−H+ exchanger in renal microvillus membrane vesicules.Am. J. Physiol. 238(7):F461-F469
Maunsbach, A.B. 1966. Observations on the segmentation of the proximal tubule in the rat kidney.J. Ultras. Res. 16:239–258
Morel, F., Murayama, Y. 1970. Simultaneous measurement of unidirectional and net sodium fluxes in microperfused rat proximal tubules.Pfluegers. Arch. 320:1–23
Morel, F., Roinel, N. 1969. Application de la microsonde électronique à l'analyse élémentaire quantitative d'échantillons liquides d'un volume inférieur à 10−9 1.J. Chim. Phys. 66:1084–1091
Morel, F., Roinel, N., Le Grimellec, C. 1969. Electron probe analysis of tubular fluid composition.Nephron 6:350–364
Ramsay, J.A., Brown, R.H.J. 1955 Simplified apparatus and procedures for freezing-point determinations upon small volumes of fluid.J. Sci. Instrum. 32:372–375
Ramsay, J.A., Brown, R.H.J., Croghan, P.C. 1955. Electrometric titration of chloride in small volumes.J. Exp. Biol. 32:822–829
Seely, J.F. 1973. Effect of peritubular oncotic pressure on rat proximal tubule electrical resistance.Kidney Int. 4:28–35
Sonnenberg, H., Deetjen, P. 1964. Methode zur Durchströmung einzelner Nephronabschnitte.Pfluegers Arch. 278:669–674
Spring, K.R., Giebisch, G. 1977. Kinetics of Na+ transport inNecturus proximal tubule.J. Gen. Physiol. 70:307–328
Steinhausen, M. 1963. Eine Methode für Differenzierung Proximalen und Distalen Tubuli der Nierenrinde von Rattenin vivo und ihre Anwendung zur Bestimmung Tubulären Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten.Pfluegers Arch. 277:23–32
Thellier, M., Hartmann, A., Lassalles, J.P., Garrec, J.P. 1980. A tracer method to study unidirectional fluxes of lithium. Application to frog skin.Biochim. Biophys. Acta 598:339–344
Thomsen, K., Shou, M., Steiness, I., Hansen, H.E., 1969. Lithium as an indicator of proximal sodium reabsorption.Pfluegers Arch. 308:180–184
Villey, D., Anagnostopoulos, T. 1973. Sodium-free fluid reabsorption inNecturus kidney perfused with sodium-free media.Kidney Int. 4:252–258
Windhager, E.E., Whittembury, B., Oken, D.E., Schatzmann, H.S., Solomon, A.K. 1959. Single proximal tubules of theNecturus kidney. III. Dependence of H2O movement on NaCl concentration.Am. J. Physiol. 197(2):313–318
Zerahn, K., 1955. Studies on the active transport of lithium in the isolated frog skin.Acta Physiol. Scand. 33:347–358
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Corman, B., Roinel, N. & de Rouffignac, C. Dependence of water movement on sodium transport in kidney proximal tubule: A microperfusion study substituting lithium for sodium. J. Membrain Biol. 62, 105–111 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01870204
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01870204