Abstract
Winter wheat was grown on soil amended with 100 dry tons per acre (224 metric tons/ha) of municipal sewage sludge from Syracuse, New York. The grain contained 1.43 and 0.98 ppm (mg/kg) dry weight, respectively, of cadmium and nickel. This wheat was incorporated as 60% of a semi-synthetic diet and fed to male and female Japanese quail for two generations. Male quail from the F1 generation fed sludge-grown wheat showed induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes,i.e., aminopyrene-N-demethylase and aniline hydroxylase, that indicated foreign compounds present in the wheat. Cadmium was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than controls in kidney, liver, and testes and nickel in the liver of the male quail (F0) fed the sludge-grown grain. Cadmium in kidney and liver (but not in eggs) and nickel in liver was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than controls in the females fed the sludge-grown wheat. Birds from the F1 generation showed no significantly different (p > 0.05) concentrations of cadmium in kidney, liver, or eggs between the two dietary treatments. There were no observable changes in the tissue ultrastructure of liver and kidney as examined by electron microscopy in any of the treatment groups.
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Stoewsand, G.S., Telford, J.N., Anderson, J.L. et al. Toxicologic studies with japanese quail fed winter wheat grown on municipal sludge-amended soil. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 13, 297–301 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055280
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055280