Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The establishment of an intestinal microflora in developing goldfish (Carassius auratus) of culture ponds

  • Published:
Microbial Ecology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The bacterial flora in the intestinal tract of goldfish (Carassius auratus) was investigated at different stages of fish development. The floras of the diets and the water and sediment of a culture pond were also analyzed. The total counts in the intestine ranged from 2.2 × 106−2.1 × 108 cells g−1 wet weight.Aeromonas hydrophila, A. punctata, Pseudomonas, Bacteroidaceae andClostridium species were the common components in the intestinal tract of goldfish from larvae to adult stage.Bacteroides type A appeared at 44 days with a density of 103 cells g−1 and then predominated with densities of 105−107 cells g−1. The intestinal microflora of goldfish become relatively stable after 67 days of hatching. These observations suggest that the intestinal microflora of adult goldfish becomes established approximately 2 months after hatching.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Azuma R, Ogimoto K, Suto T (1962) Anaerobic culture method with steel wool. Jpn J Bacteriol 17:802–806

    Google Scholar 

  2. Battalora MS, Eilender RD, Martin I J (1985) Gnotobiotic maintenance of sheepshead minnow larvae. Prog Fish-Cult 47:122–125

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bell GR, Hoskins GE, Hodgkiss W (1971) Aspect of the characterization, identification, and ecology of the bacterial flora associated with the surface of steam-incubating Pacific salmon (Onchorhynchus) eggs. J Fish Res Bd Can 10:1511–1525

    Google Scholar 

  4. Campbell AC, Buswell JA (1983) The intestinal microflora of Dover sole (Solea solea) at different stages of fish development. J Appl Bacteriol 55:215–223

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cowan ST (1974) Cowan and Steel's manual for the identification of medical bacteria, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  6. Goodrich TD, Morita RY (1977) Incidence and estimation of chitinase activity associated with marine fish and other estuarine samples. Mar Biol 41:349–353

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Horsley RW (1977) A review of the bacterial flora of teleosts and elasmobranchs, including methods for its analysis. J Fish Biol 10:529–553

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hungate RE (1950) The anaerobic mesophilic cellulolytic bacteria. Bacteriol Rev 14:1–49

    Google Scholar 

  9. Kaper JR, Seidler RJ, Lockman H, Colwell RR (1979) Medium for the presumptive identification ofAeromonas hydrophila and Enterobacteriaceae. Appl Environ Microbiol 38:1023–1026

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Kashiwada K, Teshima S (1966) Studies on the production of B vitamins by intestinal bacteria of fish. I. Nicotinic acid, panthothenic acid and vitamin B12 in carp. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 32: 961–966

    Google Scholar 

  11. Lesel R, Dubourget Ph (1976) Obtention de poissons ovovivipares axeniques: amelioration technique. Ann Zool Ecol Anim 11:389–395

    Google Scholar 

  12. Mitsuoka T (1981) Intestinal flora and carcinogenesis. Jpn Sci Soc Press, Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  13. Mitsuoka T (1982) Intestinal flora and self-defense. Jpn Sci Soc Press, Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  14. Mitsuoka T (1983) Intestinal flora and nutrition. Jpn Sci Soc Press, Tokyo

    Google Scholar 

  15. Mitsuoka T, Kaneuchi C (1977) Ecology of the bifidobacterium. Am J Clin Nutri 30:1799–1810

    Google Scholar 

  16. Mitsuoka T, Morishita Y, Terada A, Yamamoto S (1969) A simple method (“Plate-in-bottle method”) for the cultivation of fastidious anaerobes. Jpn J Microbiol 13:383–385

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Morishita Y, Mitsuoka T, Kaneuchi C, Yamamoto T, Yamamoto S, Ogata M (1972) Establishment of microorganisms isolated from chickens in the digestive tract of germ-free chickens. Jpn J Microbiol 16:27–33

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Noguchi T, Jeon JK, Arakawa O, Sugita H, Deguchi Y, Shida Y, Hashimoto K (1986) Occurrence of tetrodotoxin and anhydrotetrodotoxin inVibrio sp. isolated from the intestines of a xanthid crab,Atergatis floridus. J Biochem 99:311–314

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sakata T, Sugita H, Mitsuoka T, Kakimoto D, Kadota H (1980a) Isolation of obligate anaerobes from the intestinal tracts of freshwater fish. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 46:511

    Google Scholar 

  20. Sakata T, Sugita H, Mitsuoka T, Kakimoto D, Kadota H (1980b) Isolation and distribution of obligate anaerobic bacteria from the intestines of freshwater fish. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 46: 1249–1255

    Google Scholar 

  21. Sakata T, Sugita H, Mitsuoka T, Kakimoto D, Kadota H (1981) Characteristics of obligate anaerobic bacteria in the intestines of freshwater fish. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 47:421–427

    Google Scholar 

  22. Sera H, Ishida Y, Kadota H (1974) Bacterial flora in the digestive tracts of marine fish. In: Colwell RR, Morita RY (eds) Effect of the ocean environment on microbial activities. University Park Press, Baltimore, pp 467–490

    Google Scholar 

  23. Shewan JM, Hobbs G, Hodgkiss W (1960) A determinative scheme for the identification of certain genera of gram-negative bacteria, with special references to Pseudomonadaceae. J Appl Bacteriol 23:379–390

    Google Scholar 

  24. Sugita H, Enomoto A, Deguchi Y (1982a) Intestinal microflora in the fry ofTilapia mossambica. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 48:875

    Google Scholar 

  25. Sugita H, Ishida Y, Deguchi Y, Kadota H (1982b) Bacterial flora in the gastrointestine ofTilapia nilotica adapted in seawater. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 48:987–991

    Google Scholar 

  26. Sugita H, Ishida Y, Deguchi Y, Kadota H (1982c) Aerobic microflora attached to wall surface in the gastrointestine ofTilapia nilotica. Bull Coll Agr Vet Med Nihon Univ 39:212–217

    Google Scholar 

  27. Sugita H, Sakata T, Ishida Y, Deguchi Y, Kadota H (1981a) Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria in the intestine of ayu,Plecoglossus altivelis. Bull Coll Agr Vet Med Nihon Univ 38:302–306

    Google Scholar 

  28. Sugita H, Sakata T, Ishida Y, Deguchi Y, Kadota H (1981b) Measurement of total viable counts in the gastrointestinal bacteria of freshwater fish. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 47:555

    Google Scholar 

  29. Sugita H, Tanaami H, Kobashi T, Deguchi Y (1981c) Bacterial flora of coastal bivalves. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 47:655–661

    Google Scholar 

  30. Sugita H, Tokuyama K, Deguchi Y (1985a) The intestinal microflora of carpCyprinus carpio, grass carpCtenopharyngodon idella and tilapiaSarotherodon niloticus. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 51:1325–1329

    Google Scholar 

  31. Sugita H, Ushioka S, Kihara D, Deguchi Y (1985b) Changes in the bacterial composition of water in a carp-rearing tank. Aquacult 44:243–247

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Tanaka M (1975) The digestive organs of fish larvae. In: Jpn Soc Sci Fish (ed) Food intake and development of fish larvae. Koseisha Koseikaku, Tokyo, pp 7–23

    Google Scholar 

  33. Trust TJ (1974) Sterility of salmonid roe and practicality of hatching gnotobiotic salmonid fish. Appl Microbiol 28:340–341

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Trust TJ, Bull LM, Currie BR, Buckley JT (1979) Obligate anaerobic bacteria in the gastrointestinal microflora of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), goldfish (Crassius auratus), and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). J Fish Res Bd Can 36:1174–1179

    Google Scholar 

  35. Yoshimizu M, Kimura T, Sakai M (1980) Microflora of the embryo and the fry of salmonid. Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish 46:967–975

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fisheries, Nihon University, Shimouma 3, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan

    H. Sugita, M. Tsunohara & Y. Deguchi

  2. Saitama Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Kazo, Saitama, Japan

    T. Ohkoshi

Authors
  1. H. Sugita
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Tsunohara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. T. Ohkoshi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Y. Deguchi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sugita, H., Tsunohara, M., Ohkoshi, T. et al. The establishment of an intestinal microflora in developing goldfish (Carassius auratus) of culture ponds. Microb Ecol 15, 333–344 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02012646

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02012646

Keywords

Search

Navigation