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Physiologie und Pathophysiologie der Cilientätigkeit und des Schleimtransportes im Tracheobronchialbaum

Ciliary activity and mucus transportation in the tracheobronchial tree of normal and bronchitic rats

Untersuchungen an Ratten

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Abstract

1. By means of an incident light microscope, the mucociliary activity was studied through the intact tracheobronchial wall of healthy and bronchitic rats in vitro.

2. In the tracheobronchial tree of young healthy rats, mucus was transported in the form of individual homogeneous flakes or as aggregations of several of these flakes (plaques).

3. The average velocity of mucus transport increased progressively with increasing distance from the alveoli, and was found to be 20–40 times greater in the trachea than in the terminal bronchioles.

4. In bronchitic rats the pathological alterations of the bronchial wall were generally confined to patchy areas, and the intervening mucosa was normal.

5. Specific abnormalities of ciliary mechanism were observed in these patchy areas: numerous ciliated cells with modified beating type or reversed effective stroke of the cilia were present, and in several groups of ciliated cells the pluricellular coordination was impaired.

6. Considering the pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis, these results suggest that the primary events might be deficiencies in ciliary function: the impaired clearance function of the ciliated epithelium would facilitate the penetration of bacteria and other foreign bodies and give rise to classical inflammatory processes.

Zusammenfassung

1. Durch die intakte tracheobronchiale Wand der isolierten Trachea-Lungenweg-Präparate von gesunden Ratten und Ratten mit Bronchitis wurden die Flimmerbewegung und der Sekrettransport direkt untersucht.

2. Auf dem tracheobronchialen Epithel der jungen, gesunden Ratte wurde der Schleim in Form von Flocken und Flockenverbänden (Plaques) transportiert.

3. Die Geschwindigkeit des Schleimtransportes stieg mit zunehmendem Abstand von den Lungenbläschen an. Sie war in der Trachea etwa 20–40mal größer als in den präterminalen Bronchiolen.

4. Bei Bronchitis fanden sich herdförmige Wandverdickungen des tracheobronchialen Baumes. Histologische Untersuchungen dieser Regionen ergaben charakteristische Veränderungen der Bronchialwand.

5. Der Flimmermechanismus war in diesen bronchitischen Herden gestört: a) Bei einer Anzahl Flimmerzellen war die Cilienbewegung strudelnd oder pendelnd ohne Differenzierung der Schlagphasen. b) Unmittelbar benachbarte Flimmerzellen führten voneinander unabhängige Cilienbewegungen aus. c) Der effektive Flimmerschlag war bei einer großen Zahl von Flimmerzellen nach caudal gerichtet.

6. Die Schleimelimination war in diesen Regionen mit gestörtem Flimmermechanismus stark beeinträchtigt.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medizinische Abteilung des Silikose-Forschungsinstitutes der Bergbau-Berufsgenossenschaft Bochum in Verbindung mit der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Germany

    J. Iravani & U. Schmidt

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  1. J. Iravani
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  2. U. Schmidt
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Iravani, J., Schmidt, U. Physiologie und Pathophysiologie der Cilientätigkeit und des Schleimtransportes im Tracheobronchialbaum. Pneumonologie 144, 93–112 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02111024

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02111024

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