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Ventriculo-atrial shunt in 200 cases of non tumoural hydrocephalus in children: Remarks on the diagnostic criteria, postoperative complications and long-term results

Ventrikulo-atriale shunts bei 200 Fällen von nicht tumoralem Hydrozephalus bei Kindern: Bemerkungen zur Diagnostik, den postoperativen Komplikationen und den Spätergebnissen

Dérivation ventriculo-atriale dans 200 cas d'hydrocéphalie non tumorale chez l'enfant. Remarques sur les critères de diagnostic: complications post-opératoires et résultats à long terme

Derivazione ventricolo-atriale in 200 casi di idrocefalo infantile non tumorale: studio preoperatorio, complicazioni post-operatorie e risultati a distanza

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Summary

200 cases of infantile non tumoural hydrocephalus operated by ventriculo-venous shunt have been reviewed. The preoperative studies, the type of valve employed, the complications observed, and the results obtained are described.

Retrograde right brachial angiography is emphasized as a useful technique, complementing air studies, in diagnosing the type of hydrocephalus and in excluding cases of hydranencephaly.

The Pudenz valve without reservoir is preferred because of a low incidence of infective complications.

Among the postoperative complications, an unusual productive ependymitis leading to obliteration of ventricles occurred in 3 cases.

Long-term results, evaluated according to psychomotor development, show an incidence of excellent or good result in more than 50% of cases.

Zusammenfassung

Es wird ein Bericht über 200 Fälle kindlichen, nicht tumorbedingten Hydrozephalus gegeben, die durch ventrikulovenösen shunt operiert wurden. Die präoperativen Untersuchungen, die Art des verwendeten Ventilsystems, die beobachteten Komplikationen und die Ergebnisse werden beschrieben.

Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß die rechtsseitige Brachialis-Angiographie in Ergänzung der Luftuntersuchungen des Ventrikelsystems für die Erkennung der Art des Hydrozephalus und für den Ausschluß einer Hydranenzephalie eine nützliche Untersuchungsmethode ist.

Das Pudenz-Ventilsystem ohne Reservoir wird bevorzugt wegen einer geringen Häufigkeit von infektiösen Komplikationen. Unter den postoperativen. Komplikationen kam bei drei Fällen eine ungewöhnlich produktive Ependymitis vor, die zur Obliteration der Ventrikel führte.

Die Langzeitergebnisse, gemessen an der psychomotorischen Entwicklung, waren bei mehr als 50% der Fälle ausgezeichnet oder gut.

Résumé

Revue de 200 cas d'hydrocéphalie non tumorale opérées par dérivation ventriculo-atriale. Les examens préopératoires, le type de la valve employée, les complications observées, et les résultats sont exposés.

L'angiographie rétrograde par voie brachiale droite est une technique souvent utilisée complétant les explorations par l'air, dans le diagnostic du type d'hydrocéphalie, et pour éliminer les cas d'hydro-anencéphalie.

La valve de Pudenz sans réservoir est préférée à cause de la faible fréquence de complications.

Dans les complications post-opératoires, on signale 3 cas d'obstruction ventriculaire par développement inhabituel de tissu épendymaire.

Les résultats à long terme, évalués selon le développement psychomoteur sont excellents ou bons dans plus de 50% des cas.

Riassunto

In base a 200 casi di idrocefalo infantile non tumorale, operati con derivazione ventricolo-atriale, viene riassunta l'esperienza acquisita sullo studio pre-operatorio, sul tipo di valvola più conveniente da impiegare, sulle complicazioni post-operatorie e sui risultati ottenuti.

Per quanto concerne i mezzi diagnostici, viene sostenutal'utilitàdell'angiografia brachiale nella diagnosi differenziale tra idrocefalo comunicante ed idrocefalo occlusivo; in particolare l'angiografia consente di diagnosticare i casi di idranencefalia, che vengono esclusi da qualsiasi trattamento chirurgico.

Il tipo di valvola preferito è il modello di Pudenz senza reservoir, che dà luogo a minore incidenza di complicazioni infettive.

Tra le complicanze post-operatorie particolare attenzione viene rivolta ad una forma di ependimite ventricolare obliterante, osservata in tre casi.

La disamina dei risultati a distanza, valutati in base al grado di sviluppo psicomotorio, mostra che un buon risultato si ottiene in più del 50% dei casi.

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Guidetti, B., Occhipinti, E. & Riccio, A. Ventriculo-atrial shunt in 200 cases of non tumoural hydrocephalus in children: Remarks on the diagnostic criteria, postoperative complications and long-term results. Acta neurochir 21, 295–308 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01402963

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