References
Anderson, W. A., Magruder, B., Kilbourne, E. D.: Induced reactivation of herpes simplex virus in healed rabbit corneal lesions. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med.107, 628–632 (1961).
Baringer, J. R.: Recovery of herpes simplex virus from human sacral ganglions. New Engl. J. Med.291, 828–830 (1974).
Baringer, J. R., Griffith, J. F.: Experimental herpes simplex encephalitis: early neuropathologic changes. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.29, 89–104 (1970).
Baringer, J. R., Swoveland, P.: Recovery of herpes simplex virus from human trigeminal ganglions. New Engl. J. Med.288, 648–650 (1973).
Baringer, J. R., Swoveland, P.: Persistent herpes simplex virus infection in rabbit trigeminal ganglia. Lab. Invest.30, 230–240 (1974).
Bastian, F. O., Rabson, A. S., Yee, C. L., Tralka, T. S.: Herpesvirus hominis: isolation from human trigeminal ganglion. Science178, 306–307 (1972).
Bodian, D.: The virus, the nerve cell, and paralysis. A study of experimental poliomyelitis in the spinal cord. Bull. Johns Hopkins Hosp.83, 1–108 (1948).
Buddingh, G. J., Schrum, D. I., Lannier, J. C., Guidry, D. J.: Studies of the natural history of herpes simplex infections. Pediatrics11, 595–610 (1953).
Burnet, F. M., Lush, D.: Herpes simplex. Studies on the antibody content of human sera. Lanceti, 629–631 (1939).
Burnet, F. M., Williams, S. W.: Herpes simplex: a new point of view. Med. J. Austral.i, 637–642 (1939).
Cappel, R., Henry, C., Thiry, L.: Experimental immunosuppression induced by herpes simplex virus. Arch. Virol.49, 67–72 (1975).
Carroll, J. M., Martola, E. L., Laibson, P. R., Dohlman, C. H.: The recurrence of herpetic keratitis following idoxuridine therapy. Amer. J. Ophthalm.63, 103–107 (1967).
Carton, C. A.: Effect of previous sensory loss on the appearance of herpes simplex following trigeminal sensory root section. J. Neurosurg.10, 463–468 (1953).
Carton, C. A., Kilbourne, E. D.: Activation of latent herpes simplex by trigeminal sensory root section. New Engl. J. Med.246, 172–176 (1952).
Cesario, T. C., Pollard, J. D., Wulff, H., Chin, T. D. Y., Wenner, H. A.: Six years' experience with herpes simplex virus in a children's home. Amer. J. Epidemiol.90, 416–422 (1969).
Coleman, V. R., Tsu, E., Jawetz, E.: “Treatment-resistance” to idoxuridine in herpetic keratitis. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med.129, 761–765 (1968).
Collard, W., Thorton, H., Green, M.: Cells transformed by human herpesvirus type 2 transcribe virus-specific RNA sequences shared by herpesvirus types 1 and 2. Nature (New Biol.)243, 264–266 (1973).
Cook, M. L., Bastone, V. B., Stevens, J. G.: Evidence that neurons harbor latent herpes simplex virus. Infect. Immun.9, 946–951 (1974).
Cook, M. L., Stevens, J. G.: Pathogenesis of herpetic neuritis and ganglionitis in mice: evidence for intra-axonal transport of infection. Infect. Immun.7, 272–288 (1973).
Craig, C., Nahmias, A. J.: Different patterns of neurologic involvement with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2: isolation of herpes simplex virus type 2 from the buffy coat of two adults with meningitis. J. inf. Dis.127, 365–372 (1973).
Dodd, K., Johnston, I. M., Buddingh, G. J.: Herpetic stomatitis. J. Pediat.12, 95–102 (1938).
Douglas, R. G., Couch, R. B.: A prospective study of chronic herpes simplex virus infection and recurrent herpes labielis in humans. J. Immunol.104, 289–295 (1970).
Duff, R., Rapp, F.: Properties of hamster embryo fibroblasts transformedin vitro after exposure to ultraviolet-irradiated herpes simplex virus type 2. J. Virology8, 469–477 (1971).
Ellison, S. A., Carton, C. A., Rose, H. M.: Studies of recurrent herpes simplex infections following section of the trigeminal nerve. J. inf. Dis.105, 161–167 (1959).
Felber, T. D., Smith, E. B., Knox, J. M., Wallis, C., Melnick, J. L.: Photodynamic inactivation of herpes simplex. Report of a clinical trial. J.A.M.A.223, 289–292 (1973).
Gauge, R. W., De Bats, H., Park, J. R., Bradstreet, C. M. P., Rhodes, E. L.: Cellular immunity and circulating antibody to herpes simplex virus in subjects with recurrent herpes simplex lesions and controls as measured by the mixed leukocyte migration inhibition test and complement fixation. Brit. J. Dermatol.93, 539–544 (1975).
Goodpasture, E. W.: Herpetic infection, with especial reference to involvement of the nervous system. Medicine (Baltimore)8, 223–243 (1929).
Heineman, H. S., Breen, F. A.: Herpes simplex encephalitis in Hodgkin's disease. Isolation of drug-sensitive virus from brain following unsuccessful treatment with idoxuridine. Cancer36, 1344–1347 (1975).
Hill, T. J., Field, H. J., Blyth, W. A.: Acute and recurrent infection with herpes simplex virus in the mouse: a model for studying latency and recurrent disease. J. gen. Virol.28, 341–354 (1975).
Hill, T. J., Field, H. J., Roome, A. P. C.: Intra-axonal location of herpes simplex virus particles. J. gen. Virol.15, 253–255 (1972).
Hough, V., Robinson, T. W. E.: Ecexarbation and reactivation of Herpesvirus hominis infection in mice by cyclophosphamide. Arch. Virology48, 75–83 (1975).
Jawetz, E.: Chemotherapy of herpesvirus—clinical aspects. In:Kaplan, A. S. (ed.), The Herpesvirus, 665–688. New York-London: Academic Press 1973.
Johnson, R. T.: The pathogenesis of herpesvirus encephalitis. I. Virus pathways to the nervous system of suckling mice demonstrated by fluorescent antibody staining. J. exp. Med.119, 343–356 (1964).
Kaplan, A. S., Ben-Porat, T.: Mode of antiviral action of 5-iodo-2′-iodouracil deoxyriboside. J. mol. Biol.19, 320–332 (1966).
Kaplan, A. S., Ben-Porat, T., Kamiya, T.: Incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine and 5-iododeoxyuridine into viral DNA and its effect on the infective process. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.130, 226–239 (1965).
Kappers, C. U. A., Huber, G. C., Crosby, E. C.: The comparative anatomy of the nervous system of vertebrates, including man, Vol. I, 381. New York: Hafner Publishing Co. 1960.
Kauffman, H. E., Brown, D. C., Ellison, E. H.: Recurrent herpes in rabbit and man. Science156, 1628–1629 (1967).
Kauffman, H. E., Brown, D. C., Ellison, E. M.: Herpes virus in the lacrimal gland, conjunctiva and cornea of man: A chronic infection. Amer. J. Ophthalm.65, 32–35 (1968).
Kauffman, H. E., Mudd, S., Varnell, E. D., Engelstein, J.: The effect of nonspecific immune stimulation on the recurrence rate of herpetic keratitis in rabbits. Invest. Ophthalm.14, 469–470 (1975).
Klein, R. J.: Isolation of herpes simplex virus clones and drug-resistant mutants in microcultures. Arch. Virol.49, 73–80 (1975).
Klein, R. J., Friedman-Kien, A. E.: Phosphonoacetic acid-resistant herpes simplex virus infection in hairless mice. Antimicrob. Ag. Chemother.7, 289–293 (1975).
Knotts, F. B., Cook, M. L., Stevens, J. G.: Latent herpes simplex virus in the central nervous system of rabbits and mice. J. exp. Med.138, 740–744 (1973).
Kraiselburd, E., Gage, L. P., Weissbach, A.: Presence of a herpes simplex virus DNA fragment in an L cell clone obtained after infection with irradiated herpes simplex virus 1. J. mol. Biol.97, 533–542 (1975).
Kristensson, K.: Morphological studies of the neural spread of herpes simplex virus to the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol.16, 54–63 (1970).
Kristensson, K., Lycke, E., Sjostrand, J.: Spread of herpes simplex virus in peripheral nerves. Acta. Neuropathol.17, 44–53 (1971).
Laibson, P. R., Kibrick, S.: Reactivation of herpes keratitis by epinephrine in rabbits. Arch. Ophthalm.75, 254–260 (1966).
Laibson, P. R., Sery, T. W., Leopold, H. I.: The treatment of herpetic keratitis with 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (IDU) Arch. Ophthalm.70, 52–58 (1963).
Lehner, T., Wilton, J. M. A., Shillitoe, E. J.: Immunological bases for latency, recurrences, and putative oncogenicity of herpes simplex virus. Lancetii, 60–62 (1975).
Li, J.-H. F., Jerkofsky, M. A., Rapp, F.: Demonstration of oncogenic potential of mammalian cells transformed by DNA-containing viruses following photodynamic inactivation. Int. J. Cancer15, 190–202 (1975).
Munyon, W., Buchsbaum, R., Paoletti, E., Mann, J., Kraiselburd, E., Davis, D.: Electrophoresis of thymidine kinase activity synthesized by cells transformed by herpes simplex virus. Virology49, 683–689 (1972).
Myers, M. G., Oxman, M. N., Clark, J. E., Arndt, K. A.: Failure of neutral-red photodynamic inactivation in recurrent herpes simplex virus infections. New Engl. J. Med.293, 945–949 (1975).
Nahmias, A. J., Roizman, B.: Infection with herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2. New Engl. J. Med.289, 667–674; 719–725; 781–789 (1973).
Nesburn, A. B., Cook, M. L., Stevens, J. G.: Latent herpes simplex virus isolation from rabbit trigeminal ganglia between episodes of recurrent ocular infections. Arch. Ophthalm.88, 412–417 (1972).
Nesburn, A. B., Elliott, J. H., Leibowitz, H. M.: Spontaneous reactivation of experimental herpes keratitis in rabbits. Arch. Ophthalm.78, 523–529 (1967).
Nesburn, A. B., Robinson, C., Dickinson, R.: Adenine arabinoside effect on experimental idoxuridine-resistant herpes simplex infection. Invest. Ophthalmol.13, 302–304 (1974).
Nugent, G. R., Chou, S. M.: Treatment of herpes labialis. J.A.M.A.224, 132 (1973).
Paine, T. F., Jr.: Latent herpes simplex infection in man. Bacter. Rev.28, 472 to 479 (1964).
Pasricha, J. S., Nayyar, K. C., Pasricha, A.: A new method for treatment of herpes simplex. Arch. Dermatol.107, 775 (1973).
Pavan-Langston, D., Langston, R. H. S., Geary, P. A.: Prophylaxis and therapy of experimental ocular herpes simplex. Comparison of idoxuridine, adenine arabinoside, and hypoxanthine arabinoside. Arch. Ophthalm.92, 417–421 (1974).
Plummer, G.: Isolation of herpesvirus from trigeminal ganglia of man, monkeys, and cats. J. inf. Dis.128, 345–347 (1973).
Price, R. W., Walz, M. A., Wohlenberg, C., Notkins, A. L.: Latent infection of sensory ganglia with herpes simplex virus: efficacy of immunization. Science188, 938–940 (1975).
Rajčani, J., Ciampor, F., Sabo, A.: Experimental latent herpesvirus infection in rabbits, mice and hamsters: ultrastructure of the virus activation in explanted gasseric ganglia. Acta virol.19, 19–28 (1975).
Rapp, F., Li, J.-L. H., Jerkofsky, M.: Transformation of mammalian cells by DNA-containing viruses following photodynamic inactivation. Virology55, 339 to 346 (1973).
Rasmussen, L. E., Jordan, G. W., Stevens, D. A., Merigan, T. C.: Lymphocyte interferon production and transformation after herpes simplex infections in humans. J. Immunol.112, 728–736 (1974).
Richter, R. B.: Observations bearing on the presence of latent herpes simplex virus in the human gasserian ganglion. J. nerv. ment. Dis.99, 356–358 (1944).
Rodda, S., Jack, I., White, D. O.: Herpes simplex virus from trigeminal ganglion. Lanceti, 1395–1396 (1973).
Roizman, B.: An inquiry into the mechanism of recurrent herpes infections of man. Perspect. Virol.4, 283–301 (1965).
Roizman, B.: Herpesviruses, latency and cancer: a biochemical approach. J. rethiculoend. Soc.15, 312–321 (1974).
Roizman, B., Frenkel, N.: The transcription and state of herpes simplex virus DNA in productive infection and in human cervical cancer tissue. Cancer Res.33, 1402–1416 (1973).
Russell, A. S.: Cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus in man. J. inf. Dis.129, 142–146 (1974).
Russell, A. S., Percy, J. S., Kovithangongs, T.: Cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex in humans and lymphocyte cytotoxicity measured by51Cr-release from infected cells. Infect. Immun.11, 355–359 (1975).
Rustigian, R., Smulow, J. B., Tye, M., Gibson, W. A., Shindell, E.: Studies on latent infection of skin and oral mucosa in individuals with recurrent herpes simplex. J. invest. Dermatol.47, 218–221 (1966).
Sabin, H. B.: Misery of recurrent herpes: what to do? New Engl. J. Med.293, 986–988 (1975).
Saxton, R. E., Stevens, J. G.: Restriction of herpes simplex virus replication by poliovirus: a selective inhibition of viral translation. Virology48, 207–220 (1972).
Schabel, F. M., Jr.: The antiviral activity of 9-β-D-arabinofuranosyladenine. Chemotherapy13, 321–328 (1968).
Schauf, V., Falk, L., Deinhardt, F.: Effect of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin immunization in marmosets infected experimentally with Herpesvirus saimiri. J. Nat. Canc. Inst.54, 721–726 (1975).
Scriba, M.: Stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes by herpes simplex virusin vitro. Infect. Immun.10, 430–436 (1974).
Scriba, M.: Herpes simplex virus infection in guinea pigs: an animal model for studying latent and recurrent herpes simplex virus infection. Infect. Immun.12, 162–165 (1975).
Shipkowitz, N. L., Bower, R. R., Appell, R. N., Nordeen, C. W., Overby, L. R., Roderick, W. R., Schleicher, J. B., von Esch, A. M.: Suppression of herpes simplex virus infection by phosphonoacetic acid. Appl. Microbiol.26, 264–267 (1973).
Smith, K. O., Dukes, C. D.: Effects of 5-iodo-2′-desoxyuridine (IDU) on herpesvirus synthesis and survival in infected cells. J. Immunol.92, 550–554 (1964).
Stalder, W., Zurukzoglu, S.: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über Herpes. Transplantation herpesinfizierter Hautstellen, Reaktivierung von abgeheilten, künstlich infizierter Hautstellen, Herpesbehandlung VI. Zbl. Bakt. Abt. I. Orig.136, 94–97 (1936).
Stevens, J. G., Cook, M. L.: Latent herpes simplex virus in spinal ganglia of mice. Science173, 843–845 (1971).
Stevens, J. G., Cook, M. L.: Latent herpes simplex virus in sensory ganglia. Perspect. Virol.8, 171–188 (1973).
Stevens, J. G., Cook, M. L.: Maintenance of latent herpetic infection: an apparent role for anti-viral IgG. J. Immunol.113, 1685–1693 (1974).
Stevens, J. G., Nesburn, A. B., Cook, M. L.: Latent herpes simplex virus from trigeminal ganglia of rabbits with recurrent eye infection. Nature (New Biol.)235, 216–217 (1972).
Szybalski, W. H.: Molecular events resulting in radiation injury, repair, and sensitization of DNA. Radiation Res. Suppl.7, 147–159 (1967).
Tager, A.: Preliminary report on the treatment of recurrent herpes simplex with poliomyelitis vaccine (Sabin's). Dermatologica149, 253–255 (1974).
Terni, M.: L'infezione da virus dell' herpes simplex, la malattia recidivante e il problema della latenza. G. Mall. Infet.23, 433–467 (1971).
Thong, Y. H., Vincent, M. M., Hensen, S. A., Fuccillo, D. A., Rola-Pleszczynski, M., Bellanti, J. A.: Depressed specific cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 1 in patients with recurrent herpes labialis. Infect. Immun.12, 76–80 (1975).
Underwood, G. E., Weed, S. D.: Recurrent cutaneous herpes simplex in hairless mice. Infect. Immun.10, 471–474 (1974).
Walz, M. A., Price, R. W., Notkins, A. L.: Latent infection with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2: viral reactivationin vivo after neurectomy. Science184, 1185 to 1187 (1974).
Wheeler, C. E.: Pathogenesis of recurrent herpes simplex infections. J. Invest. Dermatol.65, 341–346 (1975).
Wilton, J. M. A., Ivanyi, L., Lehner, T.: Cell mediated immunity in herpesvirus hominis infections. Brit. Med. J.i, 723–726 (1972).
Boston Interhospital Virus Study Group and the NIAID-Sponsored Cooperative Antiviral Clinical Study. Failure of high dose of 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine in the therapy of herpes simplex virus encephalitis. New Engl. J. Med.292, 599–603 (1975).
Workshop on the treatment and prevention of herpes simplex virus infections. J. inf. Dis.127, 117–119 (1973).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Based on a lecture given at the Sandoz Forschungsinstitut, Vienna, Austria, on August 8, 1975.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Klein, R.J. Pathogenetic mechanisms of recurrent herpes simplex virus infections. Archives of Virology 51, 1–13 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01317829
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01317829