Summary
The effect of elevated temperatures on semivivo growth and ultrastructure of tobacco pollen tubes was investigated. Tube growth was decreased by about 50% at 35 °C, independent of the duration of treatment, and at 40 °C and above there was no growth of tubes. Heat treatment caused ultrastructural changes like accumulation of membranous materials, concentric stacking of rough endoplasmic reticulum, reduction in vesicle production by dictyosomes, increase in the fenestrated regions of the Golgi cisternae, swelling of mitochondrial saccules and increase in the electron density of the mitochondrial matrix. Furthermore, the dictyosomes of the treated tubes showed significant increase in the number of cisternae from 30 to 45 °C. The temperature induced changes were persistant at least for 24 h in 35 °C grown pollen tubes. The possible reasons for the tube growth inhibition are discussed on the basis of the ultrastructural alterations caused by elevated temperatures.
Similar content being viewed by others
Abbreviations
- HSPs:
-
heat shock proteins
- SD:
-
standard deviation
- ER:
-
endoplasmic reticulum
- ATP:
-
adenosine triphosphate
References
Altschuler M, Mascarenhas JP (1982) Heat shock proteins and effects of heat shock in plants. Plant Mol Biol 1: 103–115
Barabalchuk KA, Chernyavskaya VN (1975) Effect of high temperature on nuclear volume in spiderwort leaf cells. Tsitologiya 17: 1223–1226
Bergfeld R, Schopfer P (1984) Transitory development of rough endoplasmic reticulum aggregates during embryo maturation in seeds of mustard (Sinapis alba L.). Eur J Cell Biol 34: 27–33
Caldwell CR (1987) Temperature-induced protein conformational changes in barley root plasma membrane-enriched microsomes. Plant Physiol 84: 924–929
Chen YR, Chou M, Ren SS, Chen YM, Lin CY (1988) Observations of soybean root meristematic cells in response to heat shock. Protoplasma 144: 1–9
Cresti M, Ciampolini F, Mulcahy DLM, Mulcahy G (1985) Ultrastructure ofNicotiana alata pollen, its germination and early tube formation. Am J Bot 72: 719–727
Cresti M, Ciampolini F, Pacini E, Ramulu K Sree, Devreux M, Laneri U (1977) Ultrastructural aspects of pollen tube growth inhibition after gamma irradiation inLycopersicum peruvianum. Theor Appl Genet 49: 297–303
Das PK (1973) Developmental stability and thermosensitivity of different varieties of wheat. Nucleus 16: 175–179
Heslop-Harrison J (1987) Pollen germination and pollen-tube growth. Int Rev Cytol 107: 1–78
Kandasamy MK, Kristen U (1987) Pentachlorophenol affects mitochondria and induces formation of Golgi apparatus-endoplasmic reticulum hybrids in tobacco pollen tubes. Protoplasma 141: 112–120
Krause GH, Santarious DA (1975) Relative thermostability of the chloroplast envelope. Planta 127: 285–299
Kristen U (1976) Die Morphologie der Schleimsekretion im Fruchtknoten vonAptenia cordifolia. Protoplasma 89: 221–233
— (1977) Auffällige ER-Konfigurationen in Protein-Polysaccharidschleim-sezernierenden pflanzlichen Drüsen. Planta 133: 161–167
— (1980) Endoplasmic reticulum-dictyosome interconnections in ligula cells ofIsoetes lacustris. Eur J Cell Biol 23: 16–21
Lockhausen J, Kristen U (1986) Dictyosome-endoplasmic reticulum associations in gland cells ofVeronica beccabunga. Eur J Cell Biol 42: 328–331
Lynch DV, Lepock JR, Thompson JE (1987) Temperature-induced changes in lipid fluidity alter the conformation of proteins in senescing plant membranes. Plant Cell Physiol 28: 787–797
Mansfield MA, Lingle WL, Key JL (1988) The effects of lethal heat shock on nonadapted and thermotolerant root cells ofGlycine max. J Ultrastruct Mol Struct Res 99: 96–105
Mascarenhas JP (1984) Molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance. In: Collins GB, Petolino JP (eds) Applications of genetic engineering the crop improvement. Nijhoff/Junk, Dordrecht Boston, pp 391–425
Mollenhauer HH, Morré DJ, Vanderwoude WJ (1975) Endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus associations in maize root tips. Mikroscopie 31: 257–272
Nettancourt D DE, Devreux M, Bozzini A, Cresti M, Pacini E, Sarfatti G (1973) Ultrastructural aspects of self-incompatibility mechanism inLycopersicum peruvianum Mill. J Cell Sci 12: 403–419
Nover L, Hellmud D, Neumann D, Scharf KD, Serfling E (1984) Heat shock responses of eukaryotic cells. Biol Zentralbl 103: 357–435
Picton JM, Steer MW (1981) Determination of secretory vesicle production rates by dictyosomes in pollen tubes ofTradescantia using cytochalasin D. J Cell Sci 49: 261–272
— — (1983) Membrane recycling and the control of secretory activity in pollen tubes. J Cell Sci 63: 303–310
Reiss HD, Herth W (1982) Disoriented growth of pollen tubes ofLilium longiflorum Thunb. induced by prolonged treatment with the calcium-chelating antibiotic, chlorotetracycline. Planta 156: 218–225
Resueno MC, Stocket JC, Giménez MC, Diez JL (1973) Effect of supraoptimal temperature on meristematic cell nucleoli. J Microsc (Paris) 16: 87–94
Robinson DG, Kristen U (1982) Membrane flow via the Golgi apparatus of higher plant cells. Int Rev Cytol 77: 89–127
Santarius KA (1980) Membrane lipids in heat injury of spinach chloroplasts. Plant Physiol 49: 1–6
Schlesinger MJ, Ashburner M, Tissieres A (1982) Heat shock from bacteria to man. Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory, New York
Schnepf E (1963) Zur Cytologie und Physiologie pflanzlicher Drüsen. 2. Teil. Über die Wirkung von Sauerstoffentzug und von Atmungsinhibitoren auf die Sekretion des Fangschleimes vonDrosophyllum und auf die Feinstruktur der Drüsenzellen. Flora 153: 23–48
— (1965) Physiologie und Morphologie sekretorischer Pflanzenzellen. In: Wohlfahrt-Bottermann KE (ed) Funktionelle und morphologische Organisation der Zelle. 2. Wiss Konf Ges Dtsch Naturforscher Ärzte: Sekretion und Exkretion. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 72–88
—, Schmitt U (1981) Destruction and reconstitution of the dictyosome in the chrysophycean flagellate,Poterioochromonas malhamensis, after heat shock, and other heat-shock effects. Protoplasma 106: 261–271
Schrauwen JAM, Reijnen WH, Deleeuw HCGM, Van Herpen MMA (1986) Response of pollen to heat stress. Acta Bot Neerl 35: 321–327
Skogqvist I (1974) Induction of heat sensitivity of wheat roots and its effects on mitochondria, adenosine triphosphate, triglyceride and total lipid content. Exp Cell Res 86: 285–294
Smith RA (1979) Growth temperature acclimation byAmoeba proteus: effects on cytoplasmic organelle morphology. Protoplasma 101: 23–35
—, Bell LGE, Ord MJ (1979) Morphological alterations in the mitochondria ofAmoeba proteus induced by uncoupling agents. J Cell Sci 37: 217–229
Stockem W, Korohoda W (1975) Effects of induced pinocytotic activity and extreme temperatures on the morphology of Golgi bodies inAmoeba proteus. Cell Tissue Res 157: 541–552
Spurr RA (1969) A low-viscosity epoxy resin embedding medium for electron microscopy. J Ultrastruct Res 26: 31–43
Vanderwoude WJ, Morré DJ (1968) Endoplasmic reticulum-dictyosome secretory vesicle associations in pollen tubes ofLilium longiflorum Thunb. Proc Indiana Acad Sci 77: 164–170
Xiao CM, Mascarenhas JP (1985) High temperature induced thermotolerance in pollen tubes ofTradescantia and heat shock proteins. Plant Physiol 78: 887–890
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kandasamy, M.K., Kristen, U. Ultrastructural responses of tobacco pollen tubes to heat shock. Protoplasma 153, 104–110 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01322470
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01322470