Summary
Retention on non-polar chemically-bonded stationary phases depends on the silica carrier, the kind of bonded silane, the surface concentration of bonded alkyl groups and the number of surface silanol groups before and after chemical modification. The influence of carbon content of bonded phases, column temperature and how the eluent mixture has been prepared on solute retention is demonstrated. For comparison of different bonded phases standardization for the amount of bonded carbon per unit column volume is recommended. The problems in attributing specific selectivities to different functional groups in chemically bonded phases are discussed. The advantages and specific selectivities of some phases with functional groups are demonstrated.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
I. Halász, I. Sebestian, Angew. Chem.81, 464 (1969).
H. Engelhardt, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Chemical Laboratory Practice, Springer Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, 1979.
A. Pryde, J. Chromatogr. Sci.12, 486 (1974).
J. J. Kirkland, Chromatographia8, 661 (1975).
V. Řehdk, E. Smolkova, Chromatographia9, 219 (1976).
Cs. Horváth, W. Melander, I. Molnár, J. Chromatogr.125, 129 (1976).
K. Unger, N. Becker, P. Roumeliotis, J. Chromatogr.125, 115 (1976).
R. E. Majors, J. Chromatogr. Sci.15, 334 (1977).
H. Colin, G. Guiochon, J. Chromatogr.141, 289 (1977).
B. L. Karger, R. W. Giese, Anal. Chem.50, 1049A (1978).
G. F. Berendsen, L. deGalan, J. Liq. Chromatogr.1, 561 (1978).
K. Unger, Porous Silica, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1979).
H. Hemetsberger, P. Behrensmeyer, J. Henning, H. Ricken, Chromatographia12, 71 (1979).
H. Colin, G. Guiochon, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 54 (1980).
J. J. de Stefano, A. P. Goldberg, J. P. Larmann, N. A. Parris, Ind. Res. Dev.4, 99 (1980).
B. B. Wheals, J. Chromatogr.187, 65 (1980).
N. Tanaka, K. Sakagami, M. Araki, J. Chromatogr.199, 327 (1980).
C. H. Lochmüller, D. R. Wilder, J. Chromatogr. Sci.17, 574 (1979).
Cs. Horváth, W. Melander, J. Chromatogr. Sci.15, 393 (1977).
H. F. Walton, Anal. Chem.52, 15R (1980).
H. Engelhardt, D. Mathes, J. Chromatogr.142, 311 (1977).
J. J. Kirkland, J. Chromatogr. Sci.9, 206 (1971).
P. Orth, Ph.D. Thesis, Saarbrücken 1979.
B. Lillig, Dipl. Arbeit, Saarbrücken 1980.
H. Schmidt, Ph.D. Thesis, Saarbrücken 1978.
K. Karch, I. Sebestian, I. Halász, J. Chromatogr.122, 3 (1976).
R. K. Iler, The Chemistry of Silica, Wiley, New York 1978.
G. Becker-Ahr, Diplom-Arbeit, Saarbrücken 1978.
Cs. Horváth, W. Melander, J. Stoveken, J. Chromatogr.199, 35 (1980).
V. Řehák, E. Smolkova, J. Chromatogr.191, 71 (1980).
K. Krummen, R. W. Frei, J. Chromatogr.132, 27 (1977).
K. Ogan, E. Katz, J. Chromatogr.188 115 (1980).
W. Werner, I. Halász, J. Chromatogr. Sci.18, 277 (1980).
I. Sebestian, I. Halász, Chromatographia7, 371 (1974).
B. L. Karger, J. R. Gant, A. Hartkopf, P. H. Weiner, J. Chromatogr.128, 65 (1976).
E. J. Kikta, A. E. Stange, S. Lam, J. Chromatogr.138, 321 (1977).
W. R. Melander, B.-K. Chen, Cs. Horváth, J. Chromatogr.185, 99 (1979).
R. K. Gilpin, W. R. Sisco, J. Chromatogr.194, 285 (1980).
Gy. Vigh, Z. Varga-Puchong, J. Chromatogr.196, 1 (1980).
F. Helfferich, Ionenaustauscher, Weinheim, Verlag Chemie, 1959.
D. Mathes, H. Engelhardt, Naturwiss.66, 51 (1979).
P. Jandera, H. Engelhardt, Chromatographia13, 18 (1980).
S. Eksborg, P.-O. Lagerström, R. Modin, G. Schill, J. Chromatogr.83, 99 (1973).
S. P. Sood, L. E. Sartori, D. P. Wittmer, W. G. Haney, Anal. Chem.48, 796 (1976).
J. C. Kraak, K. M. Jonker, J. F. K. Huber J. Chromatogr.142, 671 (1977).
E. Tomlinson, T. M. Jeffries, C. M. Ripley, J. Chromatogr.159, 315 (1978).
M. T. W. Hearn inJ. C. Giddings et al. (eds.), Advan. in Chromatogr., Vol. 18, 59–100, Dekker, New York (1980).
B. L. Karger, J. N. LePage, N. Tanaka inCs. Horváth (ed.), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, Advances and Perspectives, Vol. 1, Academic Press New York 1980.
O. E. Brust, I. Halász, J. Chromatogr.83, 15 (1973).
S. H. Chang, K. M. Gooding, F. E. Regnier, J. Chromatogr.125, 103 (1976).
C. W. Qualts, jr.,H. J. Segall, J. Chromatogr.150, 202 (1978).
Waters Publ., DS 049F (1974).
J. C. Linden, C. L. Lawhead, J. Chromatogr.105, 125 (1975).
H. Engelhardt, D. Mathes, J. Chromatogr.185, 305 (1979).
N. Weigand, I. Sebestian, I. Halász, J. Chromatogr.102, 333 (1975).
F. E. Regnier, K. M. Gooding, S.-H. Chang inD. M. Hercules et al. (eds.), Contemp. Topics in Anal. Clin. Chem., Vol. 5, Plenum, New York 1977.
N. Becker, K. Unger, Chromatographia12, 539 (1979).
B. L. Karger, R. W. Giese, D. Conron, D. E. Schmidt, Anal. Chem.52, 177 (1980).
R. Audebert, J. Liquid Chromatogr.2, 1063 (1979).
A. Foucault, M. Caude, L. Oliveros, J. Chromatogr.185, 345 (1979).
H. Engelhardt, S. Kromidas, Naturwiss.67, 353 (1980).
W. Lindner, Naturwiss.67, 354 (1980).
S. Kromidas, Diplom-Arbeit, Saarbrücken 1980.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Based on a lecture given at the annual meeting of “Arbeitskreis Chromatographie” in GdCH, at Nürnberg Oct. 30, 1980.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Engelhardt, H., Ahr, G. Properties of chemically bonded phases. Chromatographia 14, 227–233 (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02260156
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02260156