Yields and genetic histories of 128Sb, 129Sb and 130Sb from thermal-neutron induced fission of 235U

doi:10.1016/0022-1902(74)80052-7

Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry

Volume 36, Issue 6, June 1974, Pages 1201-1212

https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(74)80052-7 Get rights and content

Abstract

The following fractional independent yields have been determined: 10-min ¹²⁸Sb, ≤0·037; 9·1-hr ¹²⁸Sb, 0·031 ± 0·005; ¹²⁹Sb, 0·114 ± 0·046; 6·3-min ¹³⁰Sb, 0·202 ± 0·030; 40-min ¹³⁰Sb, 0·138 ± 0·034. The cumulative yield of ¹³⁰Sn has been determined to be 0·89 ± 0·10%, and the following chain yields have been derived from this, the fractional independent yields and literature values: A = 128, 0·344 ± 0·018%; A = 129, 0·61 ± 0·03%; A = 130, 1·43 ± 0·18%. It has also been determined that 3·1 ± 0·2% of ¹²⁸Sn decays to the 9·1-hr ¹²⁸Sb isomer and that 52·9 ± 3·4% of ¹²⁹Sb is formed by decay of 2·5-min ¹²⁹Sn and 35·7 ± 3·0% is formed by decay of 7·4-min ¹²⁹Sn.

Rapid chemical separation procedures are described, and a method is discussed of correcting gamma-ray peak areas determined with a Ge(Li) detector for decay of activities and for changing analyzer dead-time during each counting period.

The yields of the antimony isotopes are all somewhat smaller than estimated “normal” yields, as has usually been observed for odd Z nuclides. The data help to show that most of the large initial increase in yield with mass number above A = 125 is due to the increasing cumulative yields of tin isotopes, an indication that closure of the 50-proton shell is an important cause for the high probability of asymmetric mass division in low energy fission.

References (53)

B.R. Erdal et al.
J. inorg. nucl. Chem.
(1971)
B.R. Erdal et al.
J. inorg. nucl. Chem.
(1968)
C. Lin et al.
J. inorg. nucl. Chem.
(1972)
C. Lin et al.
J. inorg. nucl. Chem.
(1973)
B.R. Erdal et al.
J. inorg. nucl. Chem.
(1969)
A.C. Wahl et al.
J. inorg. nucl. Chem.
(1972)
R. Gunnink et al.
Nucl. Inst. Meth.
(1968)
J. McDonald et al.
Nucl. Phys.
(1971)
G. Herrmann
Habilitationsschrift, Mainz, Germany
(1961)
A.C. Wahl et al.
Phys. Rev.
(1962)

B.G. Kiselev et al.

Soviet J. Nucl. Phys.

(1972)

B.J. Dropesky et al.

J. inorg. nucl. Chem.

(1962)

J. Mattauch et al.

Nucl. Phys.

(1965)

J.D. Hughes et al.

BNL 325

(1958)

J.D. Hughes et al.

BNL 325

(1960)

G.P. Ford et al.

Phys. Rev.

(1965)

G. P. Ford, Personal communication,...

A.C. Wahl et al.

B.L. Tracy et al.

Can. J. Phys.

(1970)

J. Blachot et al.

A.C. Pappas et al.

J. inorg. nucl. Chem.

(1965)

M.M. Fowler et al.

J. inorg. nucl. Chem.

(1974)

G. Rudstam et al.

G. Herrmann

Radiochim. Acta

(1964)

A.E. Greendale et al.

Analyt. Chem.

(1963)

H. Folger et al.

Radiochem. Radioanal. Letters

(1970)

D.E. Troutner et al.

Phys. Rev.

(1964)

J.B. Cumming

U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Report No. NAS-NS-3107

(1963)

Cited by (23)

Extensive Study of the Quality of Fission Yields from Experiment, Evaluation and GEF for Antineutrino Studies and Applications
2021, Nuclear Data Sheets
The understanding of the antineutrino production in fission and the theoretical calculation of the antineutrino energy spectra in different, also future, types of fission reactors rely on the application of the summation method, where the individual contributions from the different radioactive nuclides that undergo a beta decay are estimated and summed up. The most accurate estimation of the independent fission-product yields is essential to this calculation. This is a complex task because the yields depend on the fissioning nucleus and on the energy spectrum of the incident neutrons.
In the present contribution, the quality of different sources of information on the fission yields is investigated, and the benefit of a combined analysis is demonstrated. The influence on antineutrino predictions is discussed.
In a systematic comparison, the quality of fission-product yields emerging from different experimental techniques is analyzed. The traditional radiochemical method, which is almost exclusively used for evaluations, provides an unambiguous identification in Z and A, but it is restricted to a limited number of suitable targets, is slow, and the accuracy suffers from uncertainties in the spectroscopic nuclear properties. Experiments with powerful spectrometers, for example at LOHENGRIN, provide very accurate mass yields and a Z resolution for light fission products from thermal-neutron-induced fission of a few suitable target nuclei.
On the theoretical side, the general fission model GEF has been developed. It combines a few general theorems, rules and ideas with empirical knowledge. GEF covers almost all fission observables and is able to reproduce measured data with high accuracy while having remarkable predictive power by establishing and exploiting unexpected systematics and hidden regularities in the fission observables. In this article, we have coupled for the first time the GEF predictions for the fission yields to fission-product beta-decay data in a summation calculation of reactor antineutrino energy spectra. The first comparisons performed between the spectra from GEF and those obtained with the evaluated nuclear databases exhibited large discrepancies that highlighted the exigency of the modelisation of the antineutrino spectra and showing their usefulness in the evaluation of nuclear data. Additional constraints for the GEF model were thus needed in order to reach the level of accuracy required by the antineutrino energy spectra. The combination of a careful study of the independent isotopic yields and the adjunction of the LOHENGRIN fission-yield data as additional constraints led to a substantially improved agreement between the antineutrino spectra computed with GEF and with the evaluated data. The comparison of inverse beta-decay yields computed with GEF with those measured by the Daya Bay experiment shows the excellent level of predictiveness of the GEF model for the fundamental or applied antineutrino physics.
The main results of this study are:
- –
  an improved agreement between the antineutrino energy spectra obtained with the newly tuned GEF model and the JEFF-3.1.1 and JEFF-3.3 fission yields for the four main contributors to fission in standard power reactors;
- –
  indications for shortcomings of mass yields for ²⁴¹Pu(n_th, f) and other systems in current evaluations;
- –
  a demonstration of the benefit from cross-checking the results of different experimental approaches and GEF for improving the quality of nuclear data;
- –
  an analysis of the sources of uncertainties and erroneous results from different experimental approaches;
- –
  the capacity of GEF for predicting the fission yields (and other observables) in cases (in terms of fissioning systems and excitation energies) which are presently not accessible to experiment;
- –
  predictions of antineutrino energy spectra that aim to assess the prospects for reactor monitoring, and based on the GEF fission yields associated with the beta-decay data of the most recent summation model.
Compilation and Evaluation of Isomeric Fission Yield Ratios
2021, Nuclear Data Sheets
Fission yields are essential data for reactor physics, forensics, and astrophysics. In some cases, the fission yield of a fragment is divided between the ground state and a long-lived excited state, and the relative population of the two states is referred to as the isomeric ratio. In this work, we present a comprehensive compilation of experimental isomeric fission yield ratios for all target and projectile combinations. When possible, these data are combined to provide recommended isomeric fission yield ratios for low energy neutron-induced fission and spontaneous fission. The recommended ratios are compared to the traditional Madland-England model, which attempts to describe the isomeric ratios with a single parameter relating to the angular momentum of the fragment. It is found that the model does not reliably reproduce isomeric ratios outside the few nuclei it was fitted to, and its simplified treatment of the statistical process following population in fission results in average spin values, which are neither constant nor follow a recently observed saw-tooth pattern.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 128
2015, Nuclear Data Sheets
The experimental nuclear spectroscopic data for known nuclides of mass number 128 (Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Xe, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm) have been evaluated and presented together with adopted properties for levels and γ rays. This evaluation represents a revision of the previous one 14 years ago by M. Kanbe and K. Kitao (2001KA61). Extensive new data have become available for many nuclides in the intervening years. This work supersedes earlier NDS evaluations of A=128 nuclides.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 128
2001, Nuclear Data Sheets
The experimental results from various decays and reactions for the A=128 mass chain have been compiled and evaluated. Experimental methods, references, and comments are given in the text. Adopted values for the level and decay properties are tabulated. This evaluation for A=128 supersedes one by K. Kitao, M. Kanbe, Z. Matumoto (1983Ki14), published in Nuclear Data Sheets 38, 191 (1983). Cutoff Date: All data available until September 2000 have been considered for inclusion in this evaluation. General Policies and Organization of Material: See the introductory pages. Acknowledgments: The evaluators thank the National Nuclear Data Center for their support and also Drs. Y. Tendow and J. Katakura for their helpful comments.
Systematics of fragment angular momentum in low-energy fission of actinides
1995, Nuclear Physics, Section A
Independent isomeric yield ratios for ¹²⁸Sb, ¹³⁰Sb, ¹³²Sb, ¹³¹Te, ¹³³Te, ¹³²I, ¹³⁴I, ¹³⁶I, ¹³⁵Xe and ¹³⁸Cs in ²²⁹Th(n_th, f), for ¹³⁶I in ²³³U(n_th, f) and ²³⁹Pu(n_th, f), for ¹³⁸Cs in ²³⁵U(n_th, f), for ¹³⁰Sb, ¹³⁶I and ¹³⁵Xe in ²⁴¹Pu(n_th, f), for ¹²⁸Sb, ¹³⁰Sb, ¹³⁰Sb, ¹³²Sb, ¹³¹Te, ¹³³Te, ¹³⁴I, ¹³⁶I, ¹³⁵Xe and ¹³⁸Cs in ²⁴⁵Cm(n_th, f) and for ¹²⁸Sb, ¹³⁰Sb, ¹³²Sb, ¹³⁶I and ¹³⁵Xe in ²⁵²Cf(S.F.) have been determined using radiochemical and gamma-ray spectrometric techniques. From the isomeric yield ratios, fragment angular momenta (J_rms) have been deduced using spin-dependent statistical-model analysis. These data along with the literature data in the above fissioning systems as well as in ²⁴⁹Cf(n_th, f) show several important features. These features are: (i) Angular momenta for fragments with spherical 50-proton shell, 82-neutron shell and even-Z products are lower compared to the fragments with deformed 88-neutron shell, no shells and odd-Z products indicating the nuclear-structure effects. (ii) Fission fragment J_rms has a nearly inverse correlation with elemental yield in fissioning systems from ²³⁰Th^∗ to ²⁵²Cf possibly due to coupling between the collective and intrinsic degrees of freedom. (iii) Although the percentage odd-even effect in the elemental yield decreases from ²³⁰Th^∗ to ²⁵⁰Cf^∗ and ²⁵²Cf, the odd-even fluctuation on fragment J_rms remains nearly the same in spite of the inverse correlation. This possibly indicates the effect of fragment deformation. (iv) Fission-product elemental yield as well as angular momentum have no definite correlation with fissionability since both are decided near the scission point.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A=128
1983, Nuclear Data Sheets

View all citing articles on Scopus

^☆: The work described in this article was supported by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission under Contract Number AT(11-1)-1162. The article was abstracted in part from the Ph.D. Thesis of Malcolm M. Fowler, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. (1972).

^†: Present address: Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.

View full text

Yields and genetic histories of 128Sb, 129Sb and 130Sb from thermal-neutron induced fission of 235U☆

Abstract

J. inorg. nucl. Chem.

J. inorg. nucl. Chem.

J. inorg. nucl. Chem.

J. inorg. nucl. Chem.

J. inorg. nucl. Chem.

J. inorg. nucl. Chem.

Nucl. Inst. Meth.

Nucl. Phys.

Phys. Rev.

Soviet J. Nucl. Phys.

J. inorg. nucl. Chem.

Nucl. Phys.

BNL 325

BNL 325

Phys. Rev.

Can. J. Phys.

J. inorg. nucl. Chem.

J. inorg. nucl. Chem.

Radiochim. Acta

Analyt. Chem.

Radiochem. Radioanal. Letters

Phys. Rev.

U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Report No. NAS-NS-3107

Yields and genetic histories of ¹²⁸Sb, ¹²⁹Sb and ¹³⁰Sb from thermal-neutron induced fission of ²³⁵U☆