Temperature course in small volume [18O]water targets for [18F]F− production
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Cited by (25)
Experimental study of an initially pressurized water target irradiated by a proton beam
2020, Applied Radiation and IsotopesCitation Excerpt :Therefore, to increase the production yield of radioisotopes, the boiling of the target water must be prevented. Such boiling of the target water has been numerically investigated by several studies (Alvord et al., 2008; Steinbach et al., 1990). In addition, the effect of increasing the initial pressure in the target was experimentally investigated by Heselius et al. (1989).
Pressure rise in medical cyclotron liquid targets: Transient analysis
2018, Applied Radiation and IsotopesCitation Excerpt :The mechanism of the beam-driven transport phenomena is, however, more complex in the liquid targets due to the phase change (Steinbach et al., 1990; Peeples et al., 2012; Alvord et al., 2008) and radiolysis (Pandey et al., 2014; Uehara and Nikjoo, 2006; Luna et al., 2007) as they both influence the beam transport. Additional mechanisms such as liquid-vapor phase-change are captured even at very low beam currents and their contribution to improve the heat transfer are reported (Steinbach et al., 1990). The complex nature of the responses of liquid targets under beam bombardment at steady-state time-scale raised many questions and fundamental disagreements among the scientists in the field (Peeples et al., 2011; Alvord et al., 2008).
An overview of <sup>124</sup>I production at a medical cyclotron by ALICE/ASH, EMPIRE-3.2.2 and TALYS-1.6 codes
2016, Applied Radiation and IsotopesCitation Excerpt :Top advantage of this approach is due to its unrivalled high sensitivity which possible in vivo studying of molecular biochemistry. The commonly used radionuclides for PET (11C: 20.4 min; 18F: 109.8 min; 13N: 10.0 min; 15O: 2.0 min) have relatively short half-lives which may limit both the chemical synthesis processes as well as the length of PET studies (Braghirolli et al., 2014; Steinbach et al., 1990). 124I (T1/2=4.18 d; Eβ+=2.13 MeV; Iβ+=22%) with the appropriate physical characteristics, superior quality of detection and several derived radiopharmaceuticals, has high potential for use in nuclear medicine, especially in PET imaging.
Convenient recycling and reuse of bombarded [<sup>18</sup>O]H<inf>2</inf>O for the production and the application of [<sup>18</sup>F]F<sup>-</sup>
2015, Applied Radiation and IsotopesCitation Excerpt :The figure shows a gradual decrease of the production of 18F from 96% to 83% enrichment. Many factors during the bombardment influence the production activities, e.g. thermodynamic effects as previously discovered (Steinbach et al., 1990). The 18F activities from recycled [18O]H2O (83% 18O enrichment, 31 GBq to 32 GBq) were comparable to those from diluted unused [18O]water (approximately 30 GBq).
A niobium water target for routine production of [<sup>18</sup>F]Fluoride with a MC 17 cyclotron
2013, Applied Radiation and IsotopesCitation Excerpt :In this work results from one target in Lund and one target in Groningen are presented. The target in Lund is filled with a peristaltic pump and irradiated with 10 μA open for 2 min for degassing effect (Steinbach et al., 1990) which gives about 0.7 bar lower pressure than for a direct closed irradiation. The mechanical pressure gauge is monitored with a CMOS, ∼40 Euros, video camera (much more gamma and neutron tolerant than a CCD camera) placed 2 m from the target in about 70 degrees angle to the beam direction.
Visualization experiment of 30 MeV proton beam irradiated water target
2011, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated EquipmentCitation Excerpt :These researches show us the inside phenomena of the water target and help us to easily understand what happens inside the water target. There were several theoretical researches on heat transfer calculations to understand the thermal process occurring in a water target [2,3,4,6]. A simple heat transfer model was made [3] to help design a high current water target.