Residual radiation studies for meson factories

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Abstract

The reliability of estimates of residual radiation levels to be encountered in high intensity meson producing accelerators was tested by comparing calculated levels with experimental results. A computer calculation was used for determining the gamma dose rates near slabs of material after irradiation by a beam of fast protons incident normal to the slab surface. Spallation cross sections available from published sources were used in the computation. Dose rates were calculated for each spallation product and the combined dose rate was determined by summing the contributions of all spallation products. Calculations were made as a function of cooling time to determine gross dose rate decay curves for the induced γ-radiation in various materials. Samples of material were exposed to the CERN Synchro-Cyclotron 600 MeV proton beam and decay curves were obtained for the gross activities induced in these materials. The calculated and experimental decay curves agree within a factor of two or three. It is demonstrated that the results of the computer calculation can be used to determine residual radiation resulting from irradiation of materials by distributed fluxes of fast particles. Examples of practical application of the calculation are discussed. Conceptual designs of thick target shields and beam stops are presented.

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