Rotational misalignments in the Russian quadruplet

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Abstract

Analysis of the Russian Quadruplet system of quadrupole lenses, using first order matrix optics, leads to an expression describing the defocussing effect of rotational misalignments of the individual lenses about their common axis. The form of the expression shows that the defocussing can be cancelled by varying the rotational alignment of only one of the lenses of the quadruplet.

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