Absolute energy calibration of a low-energy accelerator by the time-of-flight technique

doi:10.1016/0168-9002(89)90169-1

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Volume 274, Issue 3, 15 January 1989, Pages 419-423

https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(89)90169-1 Get rights and content

Abstract

The absolute energy of the proton beam from the 100 kV accelerator in Bochum has been measured using electrostatic deflection plates and a microchannel-plate detector as start and stop devices in a time-of-flight setup, respectively. The measurements confirm the absolute energy determinations made by a calibrated resistor chain, within a mean deviation of ± 26 eV.

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Cited by (10)

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Citation Excerpt :
There are perhaps three families of methods to energy calibrate small accelerators. There are techniques based on accurate detector technologies such as velocity detectors [1], time of flight [2], and magnetic analysis [3]. There are techniques based on reaction thresholds [4] of well characterised gamma resonances [5] or neutron thresholds [6].
Accelerator energy calibration is seldom a swift process. A rapid calibration method using the proton elastic scattering resonances of silicon was compared to the gamma resonance method. The silicon method proved rapid and convenient given that silicon is also being explored as a means of solid angle calibration, but only moderately accurate. ¹³C was identified as a particularly good material for calibration by the superior and established method of gamma resonance.
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Protons and $^{4} He$ ions of 100 keV were scanned across a slit system by rapidly changing electric fields, whereby a small fraction of the incident ions passed the system forming short ion pulses. The energy shift and energy spread created by the electric fields as well as the effects of internal pulse compression were observed for the first time. Combining the short ion pulses with the time-of-flight (TOF) technique, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) of ultra-thin films can be performed with a depth resolution of better than 1 nm.
Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics (LUNA)
1994, Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, A
A compact high-current 50 kV ion accelerator facility including a windowless gas target system, a beam calorimeter, and detector telescopes in close geometry has been built and tested. The data acquisition and analysis involved a multiparameter system and a Monte Carlo program. The LUNA facility, presently installed at the Gran Sasso underground laboratory, is a pilot project focused initially on cross section measurements of the ³He(³He, 2p)⁴He reaction within the thermal energy region of the sun. To achieve this goal, the experimental sensitivity has been improved by more than four orders of magnitude over that of previous work.
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The absolute energy of the beam from the CV28 cyclotron in the KFA Jülich has been determined by measuring the spatial separation between neighbouring bunches in the transport system. The method uses two capacitive pickups inserted in the straight line in such a way that the downstream one can be moved longitudinally along the beam axis. The measurement is performed completely on-line, a personal computer controls the position of the probe and evaluates the signal produced by the HF detector electronics. Applying a moderate distance of about 2.5 m between the pickups, an accuracy of better than 3×10⁻³ has been achieved with different beams in the intensity range of 1–20 μA.
Absolute calibration of accelerator beam energies by the crossover technique
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An absolute method for the determination of the energy of a charged particle beam is described. The method is based on 0423 0450 V 2 scattering kinematics and exploits the variation with angle of the energy of particles scattered by elastic and inelastic processes 0423 0450 V 3 from different target nuclei. A determination of the angle at which particles scattered by two different reactions have the same 0423 0450 V 3 energy allows a precise calculation of the energy of the incident ion beam if the relativistic corrections are taken into account. A 0423 0450 V 3 simple system capable of supplying an absolute and accurate information on the beam energy in a short time has been designed and 0423 0450 V 3 tested. The system allows beam energy determinations over a wide energy range, from a few MeV up to several tens MeV and is not limited to some energy values in particular, in contrast with the use of resonance or threshold reactions. The system can in particular be employed for the calibration of accelerator beam energies in the energy interval typical of medium-energy commercial 0423 0450 V 3 cyclotrons, an increasing number of which are in operation in industry and in many fields of applied research. The paper briefly illustrates the theory underlying the “crossover” technique, describes the experimental apparatus and procedure and reports on experimental results for 12–36 MeV protons. The correction factors to be considered to fully exploit the accuracy of the technique 0423 0450 V 3 are discussed. The application of the method to the energy calibration of beams of deuterons and helium ions is described. A secondary and faster calibration procedure is also reported. This is derived from the main technique and can be routinely used once a number of energies have been determined and a sufficient data base of energy values has been built up. It is demonstrated that this secondary method is almost as accurate as the main technique.
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^☆: Supported in part by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Ro429/15-3).

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Absolute energy calibration of a low-energy accelerator by the time-of-flight technique☆

Abstract

Phys. Lett.

Nucl. Phys.

Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

Nucl. Instr. and Meth.