Using the combination Csl(TI) and photodiode for identification and energy measurement of light particles

doi:10.1016/0168-9002(89)90889-9

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Volume 278, Issue 2, 1 June 1989, Pages 614-616

https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(89)90889-9 Get rights and content

Abstract

The two gated method is used with a CsI(Tl)+photodiode combination for the identification and the energy measurement of light particles.

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Cited by (23)

ChAKRA: The high resolution charged particle detector array at VECC
2019, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
A large 4 $π$ array of charged particle detectors has been developed at Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre to facilitate high resolution charged particle reaction and spectroscopy studies by detecting event-by-event the charged reaction products emitted in heavy ion reactions at energy $\sim$ 10–60 MeV/A. The forward part ( $θ \sim \pm$ $7 °$ - $\pm 45 °$ ) of the array consists of 24 highly granular, high resolution charged particle telescopes, each of which is made by three layers [single sided silicon strip ( $Δ$ E) + double sided silicon strip (E/ $Δ$ E) + CsI(Tl)(E)] of detectors. The backward part of the array consists of 112 CsI(Tl) detectors, which are capable of detecting primarily the light charged particles (Z $\leq$ 2) emitted in the angular range of $θ \sim \pm$ $45 °$ - $\pm 175 °$ . The extreme forward part of the array ( $θ \sim \pm$ $3 °$ - $\pm 7 °$ ) is made up of 32 slow-fast plastic phoswich detectors that are capable of detecting light (Z $\leq$ 2) and heavy charged particles (3 $\leq$ Z $≲$ 20) as well as handling high count rates. The design, construction, and characterization of the array have been described.
Impact of detector parameters on light charged particle and intermediate mass fragments identification through pulse-shape analysis
2010, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Citation Excerpt :
Considering the simplest case of a pair of carriers generated at z=z0, as well known [7], we can solve the motion equation for a pn diode with planar geometry and apply Ramo’s theorem to derive the shape of the induced current. In order to take into account the characteristic ionization profile of each ion at a given energy, indicated with ρ(z) and calculated with SRIM MonteCarlo simulator [4], we sum the single carrier expressions weighed by ρ(z). Even if neglecting the important contribution of plasma effects, this simple analytical model is a precious guide for interpretation of the experimental results and for the optimization of the detector topology and operating parameters and allows the calculation of the shape of the induced signals for different ions.
The aim of this work is the study of the impact of the real preamplifier-detector configuration (i.e. finite bandwidth, input noise, leakage current, detector capacitance) on the measurement techniques used for fragment identification in charge and mass in multi-detector arrays for intermediate energy nuclear physics experiments. We refer to rise-time vs. energy diagram – that allows charge identification and ToF techniques – used for the identification of mass. In this work we derived a first model able to predict the detection system performance and useful to tailor both the detector and the front-end specifications to the specific experimental case. The requirements for the optimization result to be partly conflicting ToF technique requires fast timing signals, while pulse-shape analysis benefits from slower detector pulses.
Energy calibration of CsI(Tl) scintillator in pulse-shape identification technique
2003, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
A batch of 16 CsI(Tl) scintillator crystals, supplied by the Bicron Company, has been studied with respect to precise energy calibration in pulse-shape identification technique. The light corresponding to pulse integration within the time interval 1.6– $4.5 μs$ (long gate) and 0.0– $4.5 μs$ (extra-long gate) exhibits a power law relation, L(E,Z,A)=a1(Z,A)E^a2(Z,A), for $^{1,2,3} H$ isotopes in the measured energy range 5– $150 MeV$ . For the time interval 0.0– $0.60 μs$ (short gate), a significant deviation from the power law relation is observed, for energy greater than $∼30 MeV$ . The character of the a2(p)–a2(d) and a2(p)–a2(t) correlations for protons, deuterons and tritons, reveals 3 types of crystals in the batch. These subbatches differ in the value of the extracted parameter a2 for protons, and in the value of the spread of a2 for deuterons and tritons. This may be explained by the difference in the energy dependence of the fast decay time component and/or by the difference in the light output ratio of the fast/slow components. An accuracy well inside 1.0% is achieved in the energy calibration of the CsI(Tl) crystals by using the ΔE(Si)–E(CsI(Tl))/PMT method. The batch of 16 CsI(Tl) crystals is utilized to measure the correlations of light charged particles produced in $E/A=61 MeV$ , $^{36} Ar$ -induced reactions. The preliminary correlation functions for two protons with small relative momenta are presented.
Particle identification method in the CsI(Tl) scintillator used for the CHIMERA 4π detector
2002, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Citation Excerpt :
Particle identification using the photodiode signal of CsI(Tl) detectors can be obtained in different ways: a standard pulse shape method, similar to the one used for neutron-γ discrimination, has been used in Ref. [4–6,8,11]; a two-gate method [7,9,12], with a simpler electronics or a combination of the two methods [10], have shown also rather good results.
The charged particle identification obtained by the analysis of signals coming from the CsI(Tl) detectors of the CHIMERA 4π heavy-ion detector is presented. A simple double-gate integration method, with the use of the cyclotron radiofrequency as reference time, results in low thresholds for isotopic particle identification. The dependence of the identification quality on the gate generation timing is discussed. Isotopic identification of light ions up to Beryllium is clearly seen. For the first time also the identification of Z=5 particles is observed. The identification of neutrons interacting with CsI(Tl) by (n,α) and (n,γ) reactions is also discussed.
Response of CsI(Tl) scintillators over a large range in energy and atomic number of ions. Part II: Calibration and identification in the INDRA array
2002, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
The light output of the 324 CsI(Tl) scintillators of INDRA has been measured over large ranges in energy: 1– $80 AMeV$ and in atomic number of incident ions: Z=1–60. An analytical expression for the non-linear total light response as a function of the energy and the identity of the ion is developed. It depends on four parameters. For three of them, connected to CsI(Tl) intrinsic characteristics, fixed values are proposed. Two applications are presented: energy calibration and fragment identification in telescopes using a CsI(Tl) crystal as residual energy detector.
Light response and particle identification with large CsI(Tl) crystals coupled to photodiodes
1996, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

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Letter to the editorUsing the combination Csl(TI) and photodiode for identification and energy measurement of light particles

Abstract

Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

Letter to the editor
Using the combination Csl(TI) and photodiode for identification and energy measurement of light particles