Large barium fluoride detectors

doi:10.1016/0168-9002(84)90105-0

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Volume 227, Issue 1, 1 November 1984, Pages 91-96

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Abstract

Big BaF₂ crystals of 1–2 1 volume and up to 15 cm thickness were investigated with respect to their application as gamma-ray detectors. In particular, we were interested in the light transmission in the UV region, and the energy and time resolution. We found that an energy resolution of ∼ 12% (662 keV) and a time resolution of ∼ 0.4 ns (⁶⁰Co, 300 keV threshold) can be obtained simultaneously. For these features, BaF₂ is superior to NaI or BGO in cases where good timing is essential. Gamma-rays and alpha particles can be clearly discriminated; as for the latter the fast component does not show up in the scintillation light.

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Citation Excerpt :
Barium fluoride (BaF2) scintillator detectors are in common use for the measurement of γs over a wide energy range, e.g., in the time-of-flight method for the localization of positron-emitting radionuclides in nuclear medicine, because of the relatively high detection efficiency and the fast response which allows subnanosecond timing [1–3].
In order to test the capabilities of Barium Fluoride (BaF₂) crystal for dark matter direct detection, nuclear recoils are studied with mono-energetic neutron beam. The energy spectra of nuclear recoils, quenching factors for elastic scattering neutrons and discrimination capability between neutron inelastic scattering events and $γ$ events are obtained for various recoil energies of the F content in BaF₂.
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A large BaF₂ detector array along with its dedicated CAMAC electronics and VME based data acquisition system has been designed, constructed and installed successfully at VECC, Kolkata for studying high energy $γ$ rays ( $> 8 MeV$ ). The array consists of 162 detector elements. The detectors were fabricated from bare barium fluoride crystals (each measuring 35 cm in length and having cross-sectional area of $3.5 \times 3.5 {cm}^{2}$ ). The basic properties of the detectors (energy resolution, time resolution, efficiency, uniformity, fast to slow ratio, etc.) were studied exhaustively. Complete GEANT3 Monte Carlo simulations were performed to optimize the detector design and also to generate the response function. The detector system has been used successfully to measure high energy photons from ¹¹³Sb, formed by bombarding 145 and 160 MeV ²⁰Ne beams on a ⁹³Nb target. The measured experimental spectra are in good agreement with those from a modified version of the statistical model code CASCADE. In this paper, we present the complete description of this detector array along with its in-beam performance.
A BaF<inf>2</inf> detector array for γ rays up to ∼30 MeV
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The quest for improved neutron capture cross-sections for advanced reactor concepts, transmutation of radioactive wastes as well as for astrophysical scenarios of neutron capture nucleosynthesis has motivated new experimental efforts based on modern techniques. Recent measurements in the keV region have shown that a $4 π BaF_{2}$ detector represents an accurate and versatile instrument for such studies. The present work deals with the potential of such a $4 π BaF_{2}$ detector in combination with spallation neutron sources, which offer large neutron fluxes over a wide energy range. Detailed Monte Carlo simulations with the GEANT package have been performed to investigate the critical backgrounds at a spallation facility, to optimize the detector design, and to discuss alternative solutions.
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Large barium fluoride detectors

Abstract

Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

Nucl. Instr. and Meth.

Nucl. Instr. and Meth.