The miniaturized proportional counter HD-2(Fe)/(Si) for the GALLEX solar neutrino experiment
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A series of high-sensitivity radon detection systems and their applications in nitrogen as well as the boil-off liquid nitrogen measurement
2024, Applied Radiation and IsotopesUnderground gamma-ray measurements of radium isotopes from hydrothermal plumes in the deep Pacific Ocean
2019, Applied Radiation and IsotopesCitation Excerpt :During the subsequent emanation time (at least 10 days), the separation valve was open and emanating radon was allowed to distribute in the two volumes. Finally, the separation valve was closed and only the fraction of the 222Rn in the larger emanation vessel was measured in the following way: It was extracted from the helium carrier gas, purified and moved to an ultra low-level proportional counter (Wink et al., 1993), where its alpha decays were counted for a few hours. All operations were done at room temperature.
Detection of <sup>133</sup>Xe from the Fukushima nuclear power plant in the upper troposphere above Germany
2014, Journal of Environmental RadioactivityCitation Excerpt :Thus, extremely sensitive 133Xe detection techniques in the laboratory are required to observe the Fukushima signal in litre-scale samples. Miniaturized ultra-low background proportional counters (see Fig. 1) were developed at the Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik to detect few atoms of 71Ge in the Gallex solar neutrino experiment (Wink et al, 1993). They were also used for 133Xe studies in Gallex (Pezzoni, 1995) and later to detect low levels of various radioactive noble gas isotopes in the astroparticle physics experiments Borexino (Rau and Heusser 2000), Gerda (Zuzel and Simgen 2009) and Xenon (Lindemann et al., 2010).
Gross alpha and beta indices in water samples revisited
2013, Applied Radiation and IsotopesCitation Excerpt :These indices must be thus accurately measured, but some problems have been observed depending on the criteria of calibration (Jobbágy et al., 2010; Jurado Vargas and Fernández Timón, 2005; Martín Sánchez et al., 2009; Montaña et al., 2012; Pujol and Suarez-Navarro, 2003). Gross α and β indices are determined simultaneously from the same measurement with a gas-flow proportional counter, separating the corresponding pulses by either pulse height, or pulse shape, or both (Semkow and Parekh, 2001; Wink et al., 1993). The thickness of the sample is of great importance because thick samples could present important self-absorption or energy loss effects.
High sensitivity radon emanation measurements
2009, Applied Radiation and IsotopesAnalysis of the <sup>222</sup>Rn concentration in argon and a purification technique for gaseous and liquid argon
2009, Applied Radiation and Isotopes