New isotopes 22O, 20N and 18C produced in transfer reactions with heavy ions

doi:10.1016/0375-9474(69)90114-6

Nuclear Physics A

Volume 137, Issue 2, 10 November 1969, Pages 348-352

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Abstract

The new isotopes ²²O, ²⁰N and ¹⁸C have been produced in transfer reactions by bombarding ²³²Th with the ¹⁸O ions accelerated in the Dubna heavy ion cyclotron. The combination of the magnetic analysis and the ΔE × E method have been used to identify the isotopes.

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Cited by (35)

In-flight separation of rare heavy transfer products with a velocity filter
2023, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
Multinucleon transfer reactions are considered as a possible pathway to synthesize new heavy and superheavy nuclei. Regarding the expected small yields of exotic transfer products, efficient separation and detection techniques, which allow the identification of single nuclei, are mandatory. Our approach is to use a velocity filter for separation of (super)heavy transfer products. Respective experiments which we performed at GSI Helmholtz Center revealed promising results. The method allowed us for the first time a discovery of new transuranium isotopes produced in transfer reactions, the observation of the so far heaviest and most neutron-rich transfer product ²⁶⁰No, related with the so far smallest measured transfer cross-section of 0.5 nb.
Discovery of isotopes with Zγ10
2012, Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables
Citation Excerpt :
“There is clear evidence in their spectrum for the isotopes 11Li and 14Be reported by Poskanzer et al. and for the new isotopes 19N and 21O”. Artukh et al. reported the first identification of 20N in 1969 in “New Isotopes 22O, 20N and 18C Produced in Transfer Reactions with Heavy Ions” [83]. 18O was accelerated by the Dubna 310-cm heavy ion cyclotron to 122 MeV and bombarded a metallic 232Th target.
Observations of 20n via the heavy-ion transfer reaction 48Ca(18O, 20N)46Sc
1989, Nuclear Physics, Section A
The Q-values for groups observed in the multinucleon transfer reaction ⁴⁸Ca(¹⁸O,²⁰N)⁴⁶Sc have been measured using a variety of heavy-ion spectrographic techniques. The group at lowest excitation energy has a Q-value of −25.87 ± 0.02 MeV, corresponding to a mass excess of 22.63 ± 0.06 MeV for ²⁰N. This is in significant disagreement with earlier determinations, being ∼1 MeV less bound. Possible explanations are discussed.
N Z-equilibration and nucleon exchange in dissipative heavy-ion collisions
1984, Physics Reports
Experimental evidence and theoretical concepts for the equilibration of the neutron-to-proton ratio, $N Z$ , of the fragments from binary dissipative heavy-ion collisions are reviewed. Data on nuclide distributions, characterized by the mean value of the neutron- and proton numbers, their variances and covariance as a function of the dissipated energy are discussed. Despite serious experimental and methodical difficulties there are common features emerging from these data, suggesting that the dynamical evolution of the dinuclear system may be seen as an independent-particle exchange process being constrained by the underlying potential energy surface (PES). The relevance of shell effects and differences in the transfer probabilities for neutrons and protons at small energy losses seem to underline the single particle nature of the exchange process. On the other hand, models stressing the possible role of collective, high-frequency isovector modes in the rapid relaxation of the neutron-excess degree of freedom have been advanced. Such collective quantal fluctuations have not been revealed with clarity by experiment. Discrepancies between data and mutually conflicting theoretical predictions are mainly found in the early phase of dissipative collisions. This may be connected with non-equilibrium phenomena preceding the establishment of a local equilibrium of the intrinsic degrees of freedom.
The mass of 18C from a heavy ion double-charge-exchange reaction
1982, Nuclear Physics, Section A
The mass of ¹⁸C has been measured using the double-charge-exchange reaction ⁴⁸Ca(¹⁸O, ¹⁸C)⁴⁸Ti at an ¹⁸O energy of 112 MeV. The ¹⁸C ions were detected at the focal plane of a magnetic spectrometer. The mass excess of ¹⁸C was found to be 24.923 ± 0.030 MeV, and the first excited state was observed at an excitation energy of 1.62 ± 0.02 MeV. At the same time, an independent measurement of the mass excess of ¹⁷C was obtained from the ⁴⁸Ca(¹⁸O, ¹⁷C)⁴⁹Ti reaction, and the value 21.039 ± 0.020 MeV is in excellent agreement with an earlier measurement. The first excited state of ¹⁷C is at 295 ± 10 keV.
Energy levels of A = 21-44 nuclei (V)
1973, Nuclear Physics, Section A

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Nuclear Physics A

Abstract

References (7)

Phys. Lett.

Usp. Fiz. Nauk

Usp. (Sov. Phys.)

Cited by (35)

In-flight separation of rare heavy transfer products with a velocity filter

Discovery of isotopes with Zγ10

Observations of <sup>20</sup>n via the heavy-ion transfer reaction <sup>48</sup>Ca(<sup>18</sup>O, <sup>20</sup>N)<sup>46</sup>Sc

N Z-equilibration and nucleon exchange in dissipative heavy-ion collisions

The mass of <sup>18</sup>C from a heavy ion double-charge-exchange reaction

Energy levels of A = 21-44 nuclei (V)