Influence of form factors and multistep effects on the 232Th(d, t)231Th reaction

doi:10.1016/0375-9474(77)90409-2

Nuclear Physics A

Volume 286, Issue 2, 15 August 1977, Pages 297-306

https://doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(77)90409-2 Get rights and content

Abstract

The angular distributions and cross sections of the ²³²Th(d, t)²³¹Th reaction at a laboratory bombarding energy of 17 MeV have been measured and are compared to the results of DWBA and CCBA calculations. The influence of different form factors calculated in spherical and deformed Saxon-Woods potentials is studied and found to be important. The choice of the deuteron optical potential is discussed.

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Cited by (7)

Nuclear Structure and Decay Data for A=231 Isobars
2022, Nuclear Data Sheets
The present evaluation of currently known nine nuclides of A=231: (²³¹Rn, ²³³Fr, ²³¹Ra, ²³¹Ac, ²³¹Th, ²³¹Pa, ²³¹U, ²³¹Np and ²³¹Pu) represents an update and revision of previous A=231 evaluation by 2013Br04. All the known decay and reaction data are evaluated, with recommended properties given in the Adopted Levels, Gammas datasets, for gamma-ray energies, photon branching ratios, level half-lives, spins, parities, transition probabilities, and configuration assignments. For ²³¹Rn, only an identification of the nuclide has been made without an experimental determination of its half-life. For ²³¹Fr, no excited states are known. About 30 levels in ²³¹Ra up to 1774 keV excitation are known only from β⁻ decay of ²³¹Fr with level half-lives determined for five excited states. For ²³¹Ac, excited states up to 3122 keV are known from β⁻ decay, (t,α), and fragmentary information for high-spin levels from two heavy-ion reaction studies, with lifetimes of excited states measured for five levels. Extensive structure and rotational band information for ²³¹Th is available for a large number of levels up to 1714 keV from β⁻ and α decays, (n,γ) thermal and resonance, single-particle transfer reactions (d,p), (d,t) and (³He,α), with limited data for high-spin levels from one secondary reference, and half-lives available for five excited states. Very detailed structure data are available for ²³¹Pa up to 2139 keV from β⁻, ε and α decays, (α,t), (d,d′) and high-spin data from heavy-ion Coulomb excitation and (p,2nγ) reaction, with level half-lives known for 34 excited states, mostly deduced by evaluators from transition probabilities determined in Coulomb excitation. Only eight excited states are known in ²³¹U up to 1268 keV from ε and α decays, with no data for half-lives of excited states. For ²³¹Np and ²³¹Pu, only the ground-state is known from α decays, with a tentative level at 324 keV in ²³¹Pu. Measurements of nuclear rms charge radius and isotope shifts for ²³¹Ra have been made by 2018Ly01, and that for rms charge radius for ²³¹Fr by 2014Bu06.
²³⁵U is a well known nuclide for nuclear structure and reactor applications. There have been a large number of studies of its alpha decay to levels in ²³¹Th, including some recent ones such as 2018Ma03 and 2017Le03, yet evaluators' analysis of the decay scheme suggests that, while α-particle transitions are well established, but several issues still remain about intricacies of gamma-ray and conversion electron spectroscopy which need to be resolved through dedicated experiments for a complete understanding of the decay scheme characteristics, although, this sort of research project would seem a challenging spectroscopic problem. As commented in individual datasets for other decays, important spectral information is lacking for most of the decay schemes, with almost no information available for some of these, resulting in many incomplete decay schemes in A=231 mass chain.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 231
2013, Nuclear Data Sheets
Spectroscopic data for all nuclei with mass number $A = 231$ have been evaluated, and the corresponding level schemes from radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented.
Highlights of this evaluation include:
A new interpretation of γ–ray spectroscopic results measured with the GAMMASPHERE spectrometer (2002AbZV, 2000JaZY, 1999Br17) has established the level structure of the ground state rotational band $1 / 2 [400]$ up to spin/parity $45 / 2 +$ in ²³¹Ac.
Precise measurements of energies and cross sections of scattered tritons from the ²³²Th(d,t) reaction has produced or confirmed the identification of several rotational bands in ²³¹Th.
The alpha hindrance factors (HF) presented in this evaluation were calculated using values of the radius parameter $(r_{0})$ interpolated from those for even–even adjacent nuclei given in 1998Ak04.
The Limitation of Relative Statistical Weight (LWM) method (1985ZiZY) has been used for discrepant data throughout this evaluation.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 215, 219, 233, 227, 231
2001, Nuclear Data Sheets
The evaluator presents in this publication spectroscopic data and level schemes from radioactive decay and nuclear reaction studies for all nuclei with mass numbers A=215, 219, 223, 227, and 231. Nuclei with mass number A=215 have spherical shape, and their nuclear structure have been interpreted in terms of the shell model. Nuclei with mass number A=219 belong to a transitional region with spherical, quadrupole, and possibly octupole deformations; those with mass numbers A=223 and 227 belong to a newly studied region of coexisting quadrupole with possible octupole deformations; and nuclei with mass number A=231 essentially have quadrupole deformation. Highlights of this publication are given below: A recent study of the ²⁰⁶Pb(¹³C,4nγ) reaction (1998St24) has extended up to Jπ=61/2+ the previously known level scheme from ²⁰⁸Pb(¹³C,6nγ) (1988Fu10,1983Lo16). This study has provided a new interpretation for all the spectroscopic data above the 2247--keV (Jπ=29/2--) level in ²¹⁵Ra. A new isotope, ²¹⁹U (42 μs), which was identified with the recoil separator VASSILISSA (1994Ye08,1994AnZY,1993An07), has been included in this evaluation. The first ²²³Rn β-- decay scheme (1992Ku03) and a significantly improved measurement of ²²⁷Ac α decay (1995Sh03) are presented here. A level scheme of ²²³Fr has been constructed on the basis of these studies, where most of the levels below 600 keV have been assigned to parity doublet bands and interpreted in terms of the reflection--asymmetric rotor model. This evaluation includes the first level structures of ²²⁷Fr and ²²⁷Th. Levels in ²²⁷Fr are from ²²⁷Rn β-- decay (1997Ku20); those in ²²⁷Th, are from ²³¹U α decay, from ²²⁷Pa electron--capture decay, and from ²²⁶Ra(α,3nγ) (1997Mu08,1995Li04,1998Ma83). A study of the β-- decay of a mass--separated source of ²³¹Fr has produced the first level scheme of ²³¹Ra (2001Fr05). The only published data (1994Br36,1996Le01) on the electron--capture decay of ²³¹U have provided much information on the level structure of ²³¹Pa. Studies on ²³²Th(p,2nγ) and Coulomb Excitation of ²³¹Pa (1996Le01,1999Wu05), which have complemented the existing spectroscopic data from these reactions, have suggested the possibility of weak octupole correlations in ²³¹Pa. A new isotope of plutonium, ²³¹Pu (1999La14), has been included in this evaluation.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 231, 235, 239
1983, Nuclear Data Sheets
A coupled-channels born-approximation analysis of rare-earth (d, t) transitions
1980, Nuclear Physics, Section A
A CCBA (coupled-channels Born approximation) analysis has been performed on a very large set of rare-earth (d, t) transitions. Calculations were performed for states in ¹⁵⁹Gd, ^{161, 163}Dy and ^{165, 167}Er which have been identified as members of rotational bands built on the Nilsson single- hole states $112$ ⁻[505], $12$ ⁻[521], $32$ ⁻[521], $52$ ⁻[523], $52$ ⁺[642], $52$ ⁺[633] and $72$ ⁺[404]. In the cases where the DWBA works well, the CCBA gives results similar to those of DWBA. For the anomalous transitions the CCBA calculations tend to fit better than do the DWBA calculations — but the overall agreement is still rather poor.
Additional evidence for the proposed excited state at 5 eV in Th229
1990, Physical Review C

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^☆: Research supported in part by the US Energy Research and Development Administration and the Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung.

^††: Present address: Nuclear Structure Research Laboratory, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627.

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Influence of form factors and multistep effects on the 232Th(d, t)231Th reaction☆

Abstract

Phys. Lett.

Nucl. Phys.

Nucl. Phys.

Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk.

Mat. Fys. Medd. Dan. Vid. Selsk.

Nucl. Phys.

Nucl. Phys.

Phys. Rev.

Phys. Rev.

Comp. Phys. Comm.

Phys. Rev.

Phys. Rev.

Influence of form factors and multistep effects on the ²³²Th(d, t)²³¹Th reaction☆