Elsevier

Nuclear Physics A

Volume 471, Issues 1–2, 7 September 1987, Pages 309-325
Nuclear Physics A

Fragmentation and the emission of particle stable and unstable complex nuclei

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Abstract

The production of intermediate mass fragments is discussed for intermediate energy heavy ion reactions. Intermediate mass fragments are produced with mean multiplicities less than one, Many of the fragments are emitted before the compound nucleus comes to thermal equilibrium. The concept of local thermal equilibrium is examined via measurements of the relative populations of ground and excited states of emitted fragments. Emission temperatures of 4–5 MeV are deduced from the relative populations of widely separated particle unstable states. These temperatures are independent of bombarding energy, suggesting the possibility that the emission temperature is a characteristic of the breakup process and not the temperature of an equilibrated subsystem formed by the overlap of projectile and target.

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